HelMod-4 for Predicting Galactic Cosmic Ray Intensities in the Space Radiation Environment

Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are one of the radiation sources in the space radiation environment representing a hazard for electronic systems and long-term crewed space missions. In the attempt to mitigate such risks, the appropriate knowledge of cosmic ion fluences is therefore mandatory. In this context, the HelMod-4 model can assess and forecast the GCR ion spectrum long-term variations. In the model, a Monte Carlo approach is used to solve the Parker transport equation to evaluate the effect of the solar modulation on the local interstellar spectra of GCRs during high and low solar activity periods, in the inner and outer heliosphere, at the Earth location, and outside the ecliptic plane. In this work, we present the updated parametrization of the HelMod-4 model with a focus on the descending phase of solar cycle 24, by means of a data-driven approach using the latest high-precision data from AMS-02. We also present how the broader space community could benefit from the model using dedicated web tools

Dis-conoscere, Ri-conoscere: fattori dell’abbandono e del reinsediamento

The paper focuses on the reasons why a place turns to be abandoned or to be inhabited again. The author argues that besides obvious economic reasons, recognition and obsolescence play a role in these processes. Several examples can be quoted concerning settings that have been not exactly abandoned, but got underused because people prefer the novel, even if anonymous models for dwelling.  Implementing a co-evolutionary approach, some other cases ‒ already described in the literature ‒ can be identified, which proves how built heritage could be recognized and valorised even after radical changes of the cultural and even ethnical context. The management of these potentialities could be the subject of further research on the field.   Dis-conoscere, Ri-conoscere: fattori dell’abbandono e del reinsediamentoIl saggio si focalizza sulle ragioni sulle ragioni per cui un luogo si trasforma per essere abbandonato o per essere nuovamente abitato.L’autore sostiene che, oltre alle ovvie ragioni economiche, il riconoscimento e l’obsolescenza hanno un ruolo in questi processi. Si possono citare diversi esempi di ambienti che non sono stati esattamente abbandonati, ma che sono stati sottoutilizzati perché la gente preferisce il romanzo, anche se si tratta di modelli anonimi di abitazione.  Attuando un approccio coevolutivo, si possono individuare altri casi ‒ già descritti in letteratura ‒ che dimostrano come il patrimonio costruito possa essere riconosciuto e valorizzato anche dopo radicali cambiamenti del contesto culturale e persino etnico. La gestione di queste potenzialità potrebbe essere oggetto di ulteriori ricerche sul campo. Il saggio si focalizza sulle ragioni sulle ragioni per cui un luogo si trasforma per essere abbandonato o per essere nuovamente abitato.L’autore sostiene che, oltre alle ovvie ragioni economiche, il riconoscimento e l’obsolescenza hanno un ruolo in questi processi. Si possono citare diversi esempi di ambienti che non sono stati esattamente abbandonati, ma che sono stati sottoutilizzati perché la gente preferisce il romanzo, anche se si tratta di modelli anonimi di abitazione.  Attuando un approccio coevolutivo, si possono individuare altri casi ‒ già descritti in letteratura ‒ che dimostrano come il patrimonio costruito possa essere riconosciuto e valorizzato anche dopo radicali cambiamenti del contesto culturale e persino etnico. La gestione di queste potenzialità potrebbe essere oggetto di ulteriori ricerche sul campo.   Dis-own and Identify. Causes of Abandonment and Repopulation The paper focuses on the reasons why a place turns to be abandoned or to be inhabited again. The author argues that besides obvious economic reasons, recognition and obsolescence play a role in these processes. Several examples can be quoted concerning settings that have been not exactly abandoned, but got underused because people prefer the novel, even if anonymous models for dwelling.  Implementing a co-evolutionary approach, some other cases ‒ already described in the literature ‒ can be identified, which proves how built heritage could be recognized and valorised even after radical changes of the cultural and even ethnical context. The management of these potentialities could be the subject of further research on the field. 

Architectural Heritage and seismic vulnerability: mapping the available knowledge to reduce damage during an emergency

[EN] Vernacular architecture has become a full part of our cultural heritage, since it constitutes evidence of our material culture and is tied to specific historical/geographical contexts. This type of ‘lesser’ heritage has withstood various transformations over time, whether negative transformations due to abandonment, or positive transformations due to expansion and renovation work on historical buildings or their simple adaptation to new living conditions. Thus, vernacular architecture often presents intrinsic vulnerabilities resulting from all the transformations it has undergone. The presence of this type of vulnerability within the vernacular built heritage also constitutes an even greater risk for buildings located in seismic areas, as this could lead to an increase in the level of damage due to an earthquake, often with irreversible losses. Achieving a good level of knowledge about the vulnerability of historical buildings in seismic areas is therefore important for their adequate preservation. This not only allows preventive maintenance to be planned, but also because when an earthquake occurs, this type of knowledge would allow decisions to be made with greater awareness regarding where to intervene first, and to more quickly identify where safety interventions for the most vulnerable buildings must be realised. As is well demonstrated by the collapses caused by the earthquakes that hit Central Italy in 2016, the possibility of promptly securing damaged historical buildings is of fundamental importance for conserving the built heritage damaged by an earthquake. To this end, the contribution describes some of the main instruments available in Italy for technicians and functionaries that intervene during a seismic emergency to secure the architectural heritage, with suggestions as to how these tools can be strengthened.Brusa, E.; Chesi, C.; Della Torre, S. (2022). Architectural Heritage and seismic vulnerability: mapping the available knowledge to reduce damage during an emergency. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1023-1030. https://doi.org/10.4995/HERITAGE2022.2022.152651023103