2 research outputs found

    Caracterizaci贸n del embarazo en adolescentes menores de 15 a帽os asistidas en el 谩rea de atenci贸n primaria El Milagro, Riochico

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    El embarazo en edades cada vez m谩s tempranas se est谩 convirtiendo en un problema social y de salud p煤blica que afecta a todos los estratos sociales. En este trabajo se caracteriz贸 el embarazo en las adolescentes menores de 15 a帽os asistidas en el 谩rea de atenci贸n primaria El Milagro, Riochico, mediante un estudio cuali-cuantitativo, retrospectivo y transversal. Los factores maternos individuales predisponentes fueron menarquia entre los 10-12 a帽os, primera relaci贸n sexual entre los 12 y 14 a帽os, no uso de anticoncepci贸n ni protecci贸n durante las relaciones sexuales. Los controles prenatales insuficientes, familias monoparentales, antecedente familiar de embarazo en la adolescencia y familias disfuncionales, predominaron como factores familiares y culturales, as铆 como el abandono de los estudios dentro de los factores predisponentes de tipo socioecon贸micos. Las complicaciones maternas y fetales o neonatales m谩s frecuentes fueron el parto pret茅rmino, nacimientos por ces谩rea, sangramientos postparto, neonatos con bajo peso al nacer, con depresi贸n al nacer, taquipnea transitoria y enfermedad de membrana hialina posterior. Se identificaron los principales factores predisponentes durante el embarazo precoz, informaci贸n que puede constituir una herramienta para la educaci贸n sexual y reproductiva en aras de minimizar el impacto de esta problem谩tica de la salud p煤blica en el desarrollo pleno de las adolescentes y sociedad en general

    Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

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    In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field
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