MANAGEMENT OF HEAT ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN POLAND FOR THE PURPOSE OF BUILDINGS’ HEATING AND PREPARATION OF USEABLE, HOT WATER.

Polish climate causes that costs of heat energy used for heating andpreparation of usable, hot water make significant part of financial resources in buildingsmaintenance. Focusing mainly on limitation of carbon dioxide emission and improvementof heat energy efficiency, worlds’ tendencies of environment protection force changes asreduction of heat consumption in buildings. For administration it causes the need tofulfill severe norms of use of energy - the final one as well as the original, in relation tosquare meter of usable area of given building. These changes slowly increase societyawareness in the field of necessity of heat energy consumption limitations. Yet there canbe noticed too poor efficiency of those actions, caused by lack of proper economicsupport mechanisms. Public understanding of necessity, as well as advantages ofintroducing solutions that optimize use of heat energy sources is essential in process ofrationalization costs of structures, improvement of building’s heat energy profiles andreduction of greenhouse gases emission.heat energy efficiency, thermo-modernization, property management

Analysis of adaptive walks on NK fitness landscapes with different interaction schemes

Fitness landscapes are genotype to fitness mappings commonly used in evolutionary biology and computer science which are closely related to spin glass models. In this paper, we study the NK model for fitness landscapes where the interaction scheme between genes can be explicitly defined. The focus is on how this scheme influences the overall shape of the landscape. Our main tool for the analysis are adaptive walks, an idealized dynamics by which the population moves uphill in fitness and terminates at a local fitness maximum. We use three different types of walks and investigate how their length (the number of steps required to reach a local peak) and height (the fitness at the endpoint of the walk) depend on the dimensionality and structure of the landscape. We find that the distribution of local maxima over the landscape is particularly sensitive to the choice of interaction pattern. Most quantities that we measure are simply correlated to the rank of the scheme, which is equal to the number of nonzero coefficients in the expansion of the fitness landscape in terms of Walsh functions.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figure

Accessibility percolation on n-trees

Accessibility percolation is a new type of percolation problem inspired by evolutionary biology. To each vertex of a graph a random number is assigned and a path through the graph is called accessible if all numbers along the path are in ascending order. For the case when the random variables are independent and identically distributed, we derive an asymptotically exact expression for the probability that there is at least one accessible path from the root to the leaves in an $n$-tree. This probability tends to 1 (0) if the branching number is increased with the height of the tree faster (slower) than linearly. When the random variables are biased such that the mean value increases linearly with the distance from the root, a percolation threshold emerges at a finite value of the bias.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

MANAGEMENT OF MAIN THREATS DURING REALISATION OF BIG SPORT EVENTS

Organizing major sporting events is inextricably linked with reducing therisks. These risks may be caused by the uncontrolled behavior of the crowd, different typeof accidents or hardware failure as well as terrorist threats. Other main factors creatingdangers currently can be included: problems with safety of filling structure withaudience, control against carrying in dangerous objects, fans reactions which canchange into aggressive behaviours. Correct designing of all elements of sport spectacle and their efficient realizationcan contribute that events will take place without disturbance, additional stress and thatdangerous situations will be easy to take under control. Management of sport structures on which sport and cultural events with masscharacter can take place, brings different type of dangers and problems of organizationalnature. During organization sport spectacle, its organizers are responsible for order oflasting event, where together with host of object and also cooperating services, securesfeeling of safety for participants. The led investigation on terrain of Polish stadiums, aimto elaborate procedures which will become practically used during European FootballChampionship, which will be played in Poland and Ukraine in 2012.Keywords: management, threats, organization of sport eventsJEL code: M00

Multidimensional epistasis and the transitory advantage of sex

Identifying and quantifying the benefits of sex and recombination is a long standing problem in evolutionary theory. In particular, contradictory claims have been made about the existence of a benefit of recombination on high dimensional fitness landscapes in the presence of sign epistasis. Here we present a comparative numerical study of sexual and asexual evolutionary dynamics of haploids on tunably rugged model landscapes under strong selection, paying special attention to the temporal development of the evolutionary advantage of recombination and the link between population diversity and the rate of adaptation. We show that the adaptive advantage of recombination on static rugged landscapes is strictly transitory. At early times, an advantage of recombination arises through the possibility to combine individually occurring beneficial mutations, but this effect is reversed at longer times by the much more efficient trapping of recombining populations at local fitness peaks. These findings are explained by means of well established results for a setup with only two loci. In accordance with the Red Queen hypothesis the transitory advantage can be prolonged indefinitely in fluctuating environments, and it is maximal when the environment fluctuates on the same time scale on which trapping at local optima typically occurs.Comment: 34 pages, 9 figures and 8 supplementary figures; revised and final versio

Publizitätspflichten börsennotierter Aktiengesellschaften im Spannungsfeld zwischen Regelberichterstattung und Ad-hoc-Publizität : Überlegungen zu einer gesetzeskonformen und kapitalmarktorientierten Umsetzung

Auch sechs Jahre nach Einführung der Vorschriften zur Ad-hoc-Publizität nach § 15 WpHG besteht bei den Unternehmen weiterhin große Unsicherheit bezüglich ihrer ordnungsmäßigen Umsetzung. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Behandlung von ad-hoc-meldepflichtigen Sachverhalten, die sich aus der Regelberichterstattung ergeben. Der vorliegende Beitrag entwickelt hierzu Lösungsansätze im Sinne einer kapitalmarktorientierten Unternehmenspublizität.Even six years after the introduction of the ad-hoc-disclosure rules (section 15 of the German securities law) regulating the immediate release of material information, there is still considerable uncertainty among German companies as to how to meet the legal requirements. This uncertainty is especially severe with respect to material information resulting from earnings changes in the context of annual and quarterly reporting. This paper develops an approach for providing a capital-market-oriented corporate disclosure system

Stuart Hall and the Self-Renewal of Social Critique

The slogan “back to Marx” always appears during every crisis cycle of Marxism. However, the idea of a return to Marx is problematic because each generation that embraces a critical approach is faced with new conditions and questions that have changed. Employing the work of Stuart Hall is a particularly fruitful means of updating Marx because it provides us with suitable guidelines with which to re-employ Marx. Hall calls for a Marxism without guarantees that renounces historical-philosophical ultimate justification. He calls for a form of Marxism that engages in theoretical, social and political conflicts and that takes Marx seriously, not just in his strengths, but also in his weaknesses. Consequently, he sets out an approach that could truly provide a foundation with which to undertake the self-renewal of social critique. In this essay we want to find out how to revitalise a fruitful engagement with Marx by utilising Hall’s writings

How reliable are annotations via crowdsourcing? a study about inter-annotator agreement for multi-label image annotation

The creation of golden standard datasets is a costly business. Optimally more than one judgment per document is obtained to ensure a high quality on annotations. In this context, we explore how much annotations from experts differ from each other, how different sets of annotations influence the ranking of systems and if these annotations can be obtained with a crowdsourcing approach. This study is applied to annotations of images with multiple concepts. A subset of the images employed in the latest ImageCLEF Photo Annotation competition was manually annotated by expert annotators and non-experts with Mechanical Turk. The inter-annotator agreement is computed at an image-based and concept-based level using majority vote, accuracy and kappa statistics. Further, the Kendall τ and Kolmogorov-Smirnov correlation test is used to compare the ranking of systems regarding different ground-truths and different evaluation measures in a benchmark scenario. Results show that while the agreement between experts and non-experts varies depending on the measure used, its influence on the ranked lists of the systems is rather small. To sum up, the majority vote applied to generate one annotation set out of several opinions, is able to filter noisy judgments of non-experts to some extent. The resulting annotation set is of comparable quality to the annotations of experts

Quantitative analysis of pedestrian counterflow in a cellular automaton model

Pedestrian dynamics exhibits various collective phenomena. Here we study bidirectional pedestrian flow in a floor field cellular automaton model. Under certain conditions, lane formation is observed. Although it has often been studied qualitatively, e.g., as a test for the realism of a model, there are almost no quantitative results, neither empirically nor theoretically. As basis for a quantitative analysis we introduce an order parameter which is adopted from the analysis of colloidal suspensions. This allows to determine a phase diagram for the system where four different states (free flow, disorder, lanes, gridlock) can be distinguished. Although the number of lanes formed is fluctuating, lanes are characterized by a typical density. It is found that the basic floor field model overestimates the tendency towards a gridlock compared to experimental bounds. Therefore an anticipation mechanism is introduced which reduces the jamming probability.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Development of luminescent solar concentrators : molecular alignment chips

The project aims to develop methods for the synthesis of arrays of silica nanochannels with disc-shaped morphology and tunable pore size. These so-called Molecular Alignment Chips (MACs) are promising host materials for the supramolecular organization of guests. The project investigates several applications of MACs with a focus on light-harvesting systems such as luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs). The fundamental project objectives concern the synthesis of MACs with well-defined particle morphology and tunable nanochannel diameter. Host materials of this kind provide a platform for the alignment of any desired guest species. In the field of LSCs, this ultimately opens possibilities for increasing the trapping efficiency and for reducing self-absorption losses