Humanitarian intervention: religion as a reason for intervention

The Russian military intervention in Syria that began last year is supported by the Russian Orthodox Church who emphasized the “need to protect the region’s Christians”. Stefan Kroll traces the historical roots of humanitarian intervention in the name of religious minorities and their relevance for understanding intervention today

Community, Enforcement and Justification: The International Law of Intervention in World-Societal Perspective

The article discusses the normative integration of the world society by the case of international legal discourses on intervention in the late 19th and early 20th century. Within the framework of a non-interventionist international legal structure, international rights and obligations to intervene form an unlikely case which helps to reveal unexpected degrees of normative integration on the international level. The article combines sociological world society research with insights from international relations theory and comparative constitutionalism. The article discusses three interconnected steps of integration: the emergence of semantics of international community, its legal enforcement and justification. The analysis shows a legalization of international politics with constitutional characteristics. In addition to that, the results contribute to the growing literature on the history of international (humanitarian) intervention and have the potential of diachronic comparison with current intervention situations

Community, Enforcement and Justification: The International Law of Intervention in World-Societal Perspective

The article discusses the normative integration of the world society by the case of international legal discourses on intervention in the late 19th and early 20th century. Within the framework of a non-interventionist international legal structure, international rights and obligations to intervene form an unlikely case which helps to reveal unexpected degrees of normative integration on the international level. The article combines sociological world society research with insights from international relations theory and comparative constitutionalism. The article discusses three interconnected steps of integration: the emergence of semantics of international community, its legal enforcement and justification. The analysis shows a legalization of international politics with constitutional characteristics. In addition to that, the results contribute to the growing literature on the history of international (humanitarian) intervention and have the potential of diachronic comparison with current intervention situations

I HAVE THE BLUES—A TRIBUTE TO THE HARRY FLECHTNER

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Spectral Engineering of Slow Light, Cavity Line Narrowing, and Pulse Compression

More than 4 orders of magnitude of cavity-linewidth narrowing in a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal cavity, emanating from strong intracavity dispersion caused by off-resonant interaction with dopant ions, is demonstrated. The dispersion profiles are engineered using optical pumping techniques creating significant semipermanent but reprogrammable changes of the rare-earth absorption profiles. Several cavity modes are shown within the spectral transmission window. Several possible applications of this phenomenon are discussed.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1304.445

Accommodated Emoji Usage: Influence of Hierarchy on the Adaption of Pictogram Usage in Instant Messaging

Communication Accommodation Theory predicts to what extent individuals accommodate their verbal and nonverbal behaviour by converging it towards their conversation partner or diverging it away from them to gain social approval and to decrease social distance. Especially individuals in lower hierarchy positions accommodate their communication behaviour towards individuals in higher hierarchy positions. Nowadays, computer- and smartphone-mediated communication are common ways to communicate, for example via instant messaging. However, instant messenger lack in transporting nonverbal cues. To fill this gap, emoji are used increasingly. A study was conducted to examine how individuals in lower hierarchy positions converge their emoji usage towards individuals in higher hierarchy position. The results support the assumption that the higher hierarchy is perceived, the more emoji accommodation is shown