The soul concepts of the Huron

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The Inuit discovery of Europe? The Orkney Finnmen, preternatural objects and the re-enchantment of early-modern science.

The late-seventeenth century saw a peak in accounts of supposed encounters with ‘Finnmen’ in Orkney. These accounts have shaped the folklore of the Northern Isles. Scholars linked to the Royal Society suggested the accounts represented encounters with Inuit. Subsequent explanations included autonomous travel by Inuit groups and abduction and abandonment. These accounts should be understood as part of a European scientific tradition of preternatural philosophy, occupied with the deviations and errors of nature. Far from indicating the presence of Inuit individuals in Orkney waters, they provide evidence of the narrative instability of early-modern science and its habit of ‘thinking with things’. Captivated by Inuit artefacts, the natural philosophers and virtuosi of the Royal Society imagined Orkney as a site of reverse contact with the ‘primitive’. Nineteenth-century antiquarians and folklorists reliant on these texts failed to understand the extent to which objectivity was not an epistemic virtue in early-modern science

Rescuing Colonized Names of the Wyandot

This article deals with names of the Wyandot, an Iroquoian-speaking, Indigenous people of the period surrounding the War of 1812. The people have a naming tradition that includes clan possession and the passage of important names over generations. This tradition was “colonized” by a combination of English settler names, nicknames that “sound Indian,” and inaccurate recordings of the names in their original Wyandot, so that the names are difficult to translate and difficult to relate to holders of the names in other times. In this article seven such names are analyzed.Cet article traite des noms des Wyandot, un peuple autochtone de langue iroquoienne datant de la période entourant la guerre de 1812. Ce peuple a une tradition de dénomination qui inclut l'appartenance à un clan et la transmission de noms importants au fil des générations. Cette tradition a été « colonisée » par une combinaison de noms de colons anglais, de surnoms «à semblance autochtone» et une graphie inexacte des noms dans le Wyandot d'origine, de sorte que les noms sont difficiles à traduire et à associer aux détenteurs d'antan des noms en question. Dans cet article, sept de ces noms sont analysés

Trade Goods and Nations in Sagard's Dictionary: A St. Lawrence Iroquoian Perspective

The disappearance of the St. Lawrence Iroquoians, between the time Jacques Cartier encountered them in the 1530s to the arrival of the French permanently at the beginning of the seventeenth century has long been speculated on by historians and anthropologists. In this article linguistic evidence coming from the dictionary compiled by Recollect Brother Gabriel, based on his stay with the Huron in 1623 and 1624 is used to suggest that at least one of his linguistic informants was a St. Lawrence Iroquoian who had come to join the Huron, a path followed by others of his nation as well.Depuis longtemps, historiens et anthropologues s’interrogent sur la disparition des Iroquoiens de la vallée du Saint-Laurent entre les années 1530, lorsque Jacques Cartier les y a rencontrés, et le début du XVIIe siècle, quand les Français s’y sont établis de façon permanente. Cet article, basé sur des données linguistiques trouvées dans le dictionnaire du Récollet Frère Gabriel, qui a séjourné parmi les Hurons en 1623-24, suggère qu’au moins une de ses sources linguistiques était un Iroquoien du St-Laurent venu se joindre aux Hurons, et que plusieurs autres membres de sa nation auraient suivi le même chemin

Hechon: The Story of a Wendat Name

This article talks about the name ‘Hechon’ given by the Wendat (Huron) of Ontario to Jesuit Father Jean de Brébeuf, possibly as early as the 1620s. As was the cultural pattern among the Wendat, when Father Brébeuf died, the name was reborn in two of his colleagues, Father Pierre Chaumonot and Father Daniel Richer, later in the 17th century and in the early 18th century. I consulted three main types of sources: The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, several French-Wendat and Wendat-French dictionaries, and two grammars. Issues discussed in this paper include the name’s origin and how Hechon was spoken about in dictionaries and grammars.Cet article porte sur le nom « Hechon » donné par les Wendats (Hurons) de l’Ontario au jésuite Jean de Brébeuf vers les années 1620. Conformément au modèle culturel en usage chez les Wendats, suite à la mort du père Brébeuf, ce même nom fut successivement attribué à deux autres jésuites, soit Pierre Chaumonot au XVIIe siècle et Daniel Richer au début du XVIIIe siècle. Les principales sources consultées sont : The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, de nombreux dictionnaires français-wendat et wendat-français, ainsi que deux grammaires. Les questions examinées dans l’article se rapportent à l’origine du nom Hechon et au traitement dont il a fait l’objet dans les dictionnaires et les grammaires