Comparison of profiles of science and problem solving tasks in the PISA 2003-study

Ausgangspunkt zweier vorgestellter Studien sind Ergebnisse der PISA 2003-Studie. Neben den fachlichen Kompetenzen Mathematik, Lesen und Naturwissenschaften wurde in PISA-2003 zusätzlich als fächerübergreifende Kompetenz das analytische Problemlösen im internationalen Vergleich erhoben. Bei Schülerinnen und Schülern in Deutschland trat ein besonderes Ergebnis auf: Im Problemlösen zeigten sie signifikant überdurchschnittliche Ergebnisse, während sie in den Naturwissenschaften nur durchschnittliche Werte erzielten. Die vorliegenden Studien untersuchen, was die charakteristischen Merkmale der Naturwissenschafts- und Problemlöse-Aufgaben aus PISA sind und inwiefern diese Merkmale einen Einfluss auf die Schwierigkeit der Aufgaben haben. (DIPF/Orig.)Two studies are presented which are based on results of the PISA study 2003. Beside the subject-specific competencies mathematics, reading and science, PISA also assessed cross-curricular problem solving. For the German students a conspicuous result was found: They performed significantly above the international average in problem solving, but showed average results in science. The present studies analyze the specific characteristics of science and problem solving tasks from PISA and examine if these characteristics have an influence on the difficulty of these tasks. (DIPF/Orig.

Shifting institutional culture to develop climate solutions with Open Science

To address our climate emergency, "we must rapidly, radically reshape society"-Johnson & Wilkinson, All We Can Save. In science, reshaping requires formidable technical (cloud, coding, reproducibility) and cultural shifts (mindsets, hybrid collaboration, inclusion). We are a group of cross-government and academic scientists that are exploring better ways of working and not being too entrenched in our bureaucracies to do better science, support colleagues, and change the culture at our organizations. We share much-needed success stories and action for what we can all do to reshape science as part of the Open Science movement and 2023 Year of Open Science

Management Strategy Evaluation: Allowing the Light on the Hill to Illuminate More Than One Species

Management strategy evaluation (MSE) is a simulation approach that serves as a “light on the hill” (Smith, 1994) to test options for marine management, monitoring, and assessment against simulated ecosystem and fishery dynamics, including uncertainty in ecological and fishery processes and observations. MSE has become a key method to evaluate trade-offs between management objectives and to communicate with decision makers. Here we describe how and why MSE is continuing to grow from a single species approach to one relevant to multi-species and ecosystem-based management. In particular, different ecosystem modeling approaches can fit within the MSE process to meet particular natural resource management needs. We present four case studies that illustrate how MSE is expanding to include ecosystem considerations and ecosystem models as ‘operating models’ (i.e., virtual test worlds), to simulate monitoring, assessment, and harvest control rules, and to evaluate tradeoffs via performance metrics. We highlight United States case studies related to fisheries regulations and climate, which support NOAA’s policy goals related to the Ecosystem Based Fishery Roadmap and Climate Science Strategy but vary in the complexity of population, ecosystem, and assessment representation. We emphasize methods, tool development, and lessons learned that are relevant beyond the United States, and the additional benefits relative to single-species MSE approaches