Multi-year global climatic effects of atmospheric dust from large bolide impacts

The global climatic effects of dust generated by the impact of a 10 km-diameter bolide was simulated using a one-dimensional (vertical only) globally-averaged climate model by Pollack et al. The goal of the simulation is to examine the regional climate effects, including the possibility of coastal refugia, generated by a global dust cloud in a model having realistic geographic resolution. The climate model assumes the instantaneous appearance of a global stratospheric dust cloud with initial optical depth of 10,000. The time history of optical depth decreases according to the detailed calculations of Pollack et al., reaching an optical depth of unity at day 160, and subsequently decreasing with an e-folding time of 1 year. The simulation is carried out for three years in order to examine the atmospheric effects and recovery over several seasons. The simulation does not include any effects of NOx, CO2, or wildfire smoke injections that may accompany the creation of the dust cloud. The global distribution of surface temperature changes, freezing events, precipitation and soil moisture effects and sea ice increases will be discussed

Human dental pulp stem cell culture model for studies on etiopathogenesis of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate anomaly

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) occurs approximately in 1 of 700 live births. It has a serious impact on a patient during the whole life. It was shown that it can be prevented by supplementation of folic acid. However, much more needs to be known about etiopathogenetic factors and molecular mechanisms leading to NSCLP in order to personalize its prevention. Basic science information on etiology and pathogenesis of NSCLP was obtained from animal experiments. Clinical studies and trials showed efficacy of prevention by folic acid supplementation. A cell culture model is needed for studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to development of NSCLP and underlying its prevention. Our goal is to compare behavior of HDPSC isolated from patients with or without NSCLP

Change and progress a comparative study

"Carr-Square, a 658-unit housing development of which a 25 percent sample was taken for this study is located in the Central City of St. Louis. This immediate area is composed of three other housing developments with a population of approximately 12, 300 people and private dwellings with approximately 6, 000 people. The total area is composed of low income families. In the 159 households surveyed the average family size was 3. 35 persons and the range in size was from one to twelve persons. Over half of the families had children and the average number of children of these households was 3. 63. Only 2 percent of the unmarried youth at home were between the ages of 20 and 21. Of the remainder over half of the children were 6 to 14 years of age and others were equally divided between children under 5 and those 15 through 19. Half of these families had no male household head."--Foreword.Starley Hunter (Extension Research Specialist, FES, USDA) Consultants: Dr. Mary Nell (Greenwood, Director, Continuing Education for Women, Extension Division, University of Missouri) Virginia Norris (District Home Economist, Extension Division, University of Missouri)Foreword -- Results of selected features of the extension program -- Section I: bench mark study report -- Section II: statistically significant differences in family characteristics and situations between the random samples of 1964-66 -- Section III: significant differences between the random sample and those attending classes-1966 -- Section IV: results of two years of home economics extension work -- Section V: selected phases of the program -- Section VI: summary of effectiveness of extension methods use

Modeling Affordable Housing in Moab and Spanish Valley

The Colorado Plateau region of southeastern Utah is geographically unique. Iconic sandstone geological formations, such as the famous Delicate Arch, which adorns Utah license plates, dot the landscape. This beautiful environment has inspired the formation of national and state parks, as well as a multitude of diverse recreation areas. Affordable housing in Moab and Spanish Valley is a key issue for the development of the valley. This has been well documented by the Moab Area Housing Task Force (MAHTF) in its 2017 Moab Area Affordable Housing Plan. This Plan B Thesis Project builds on the work of the task force, by documenting efforts to address where and how affordable housing might be located in the valley. In order to develop consensus around the location of affordable housing, a geodesign workshop was sponsored and hosted by the task force, and prepared and facilitated by Barty Warren-Kretzschmar and Matthew Starley. In the scope of the following thesis, using Geodesignhub software, stakeholders in the area gathered to identified areas where housing might be located. Workshop results were analyzed in order to identify a priority focus area for locating affordable housing, and from those results, a priority focus area for locating affordable housing was identified by the MAHTF. Three design concepts for this area have been created that integrate the results of the workshop as well as the results of a study of design strategies and housing typologies appropriate for Moab and Spanish Valley

A 3-dimensional numerical simulation of the atmospheric injection of aerosols by a hypothetical basaltic fissure eruption

Researchers simulated the atmospheric response to a hypothetical basaltic fissure eruption using heating rates based on the Roza flow eruption. The simulation employs the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Model (RAMS) with scavenging effects. The numerical model is a three-dimensional non-hydrostatic time-split compressible cloud/mesoscale model. Explicit microphysics include prediction of cloud, rain, crystal, and hail precipitation types. Nucleation and phoretic scavenging are predicted assuming that the pollutant makes an effective cloud droplet nucleus. Smoke is carried as a passive tracer. Long and short wave radiation heating tendencies, including the effects of the smoke, are parameterized. The longwave emission by the lava surface is neglected in the parameterization and included as an explicit heating term instead. A regional scale domain of 100 x 100 km in the horizontal and 22 km high is used. The horizontal grid spacing is taken to be 2 km and the vertical spacing is taken to be 0.75 km. The initial atmospheric state is taken to be horizontally homogenous and based on the standard atmospheric sounding. The fissure is assumed to be 90 km long and oriented in a zig/zag pattern

Acute effects of a large bolide impact simulated by a global atmospheric circulation model

The goal is to use a global three-dimensional atmospheric circulation model developed for studies of atmospheric effects of nuclear war to examine the time evolution of atmospheric effects from a large bolide impact. The model allows for dust and NOx injection, atmospheric transport by winds, removal by precipitation, radiative transfer effects, stratospheric ozone chemistry, and nitric acid formation and deposition on a simulated Earth having realistic geography. Researchers assume a modest 2 km-diameter impactor of the type that could have formed the 32 km-diameter impact structure found near Manson, Iowa and dated at roughly 66 Ma. Such an impact would have created on the order of 5 x 10 to the 10th power metric tons of atmospheric dust (about 0.01 g cm(-2) if spread globally) and 1 x 10 to the 37th power molecules of NO, or two orders of magnitude more stratospheric NO than might be produced in a large nuclear war. Researchers ignore potential injections of CO2 and wildfire smoke, and assume the direct heating of the atmosphere by impact ejecta on a regional scale is not large compared to absorption of solar energy by dust. Researchers assume an impact site at 45 N in the interior of present day North America

In time on time: Website for teachers of English to speakers of other languages

The purpose of the In Time On Time TESOL website for Teachers of English to Students of Other Languages (TESOL) is to provide adult-education teachers online access to classroom managing techniques, teaching and learning strategies, and online resources based on constructivism and adult-learning theory. The instructional design and navigation structure is based on Random Access Instruction (RAI) and hypertext theory

Constructivism for the English-as-a-second-language learning environment and professional development

This project addresses the needs of the adult learner. The adult learner referred to in; this project comes from two distinguishable groups. One group of adult learners consists of the ESL students who attend adult school or community-based English programs. The other group of adult learners consists of the teachers within adult education ESL programs who themselves are students as they participate in professional development workshops

Predictive Formula for Electron Range over a Large span of Energy

A model developed by the Materials Research Group that calculates electron penetration range of some common materials, has been greatly expanded with the hope that such extensions will predict the range in other, perhaps, more interesting materials. Developments in this extended model aid in predicting the approximate penetration depth into diverse classes of materials for a broad range of energetic incident electrons (10 MeV, with better than 20% accuracy). The penetration depth—or range—of a material describes the maximum distance electrons can travel through a material, before losing all of its incident kinetic energy. This model has started to predict a formula that estimates the penetration depth for materials without the need for supporting data, but rather using only basic material properties and a single fitting parameter (NV, described as the effective number of valence electrons). NV was first empirically calculated for 247 materials which have tabulated range and inelastic mean free path data in the NIST ESTAR and IMFP databases. Correlations of NV with key material constants (e.g. atomic number, atomic weight, density, and band gap) were established for this set of materials. These correlations allow prediction of the range for additional materials which have no supporting data. These calculations are of great value for studies involving high electron bombardment, such as electron spectroscopy, spacecraft charging or electron beam therapy

Two Obstetrical Heresies

Dr. Silas F. Starley deplores what he considered errors generally taught and accepted in the late 19th century in Two Obstetrical Heresies . “The first is the part that membranes containing the amniotic fluid and the foetus play in effecting dilation of the os uteri in the first stage of labor.The second is the supposed necessity for waiting for their rupture and the escape of the waters before applying the forceps, in every case, without exception.” Silas F. Starley (1823-1887) was born in Alabama and moved to Texas with his family in 1837. He graduated from the University of Louisville School of Medicine in 1854 and spent his professional career in Texas, ending his career in Corsicana. He was President of the State Medical Association of Texas (Texas Medical Association) in 1883 and wrote articles in Texas medical journals on various topics including obstetrics, vascular tumor, and pneumonia. Texas State Historical Association, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/sat05 , accessed 10/16/2012. Texas Physicians Historical Biographical Database, http://www4.utsouthwestern.edu/library/doctors/doctors.cfm?DoctorID=16809 , accessed 10/16/12.https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/ebooks/1001/thumbnail.jp