An Approach to the Virtual Flora of Mongolia – From a Data Repository to an Expert System, http://greif.uni-greifswald.de/floragreif/

FloraGREIF is an internet accessible information system providing taxonomic, phytogeographic and ecological information on Mongolia’s flora in terms of descriptions, high-resolution plant images and an interactive WebGIS application. Organised along an updated checklist of the approx. 3000 Mongolian vascular plants that serves as a taxonomic backbone, information is split into the taxon level, referring to plant species, and the record level, referring to record or a collected plant specimen. At the latter level, images of living plants, scans of herbarium sheets, habitat photos and further notes can be found. Both data levels are linked by the name of the respective plant species. An integrated WebGIS application enables the spatial visualisation at the taxon (distribution within phytogeographic units) and record level (dot maps). FloraGREIF is intended to be an internet accessible application tool for ecological and taxonomic research on Mongolia’s vegetation, but can serve as well as a data repository, e.g. for data from relevés survey

An Approach to the Virtual Flora of Mongolia – From a Data Repository to an Expert System, http://greif.uni-greifswald.de/floragreif/

FloraGREIF is an internet accessible information system providing taxonomic, phytogeographic and ecological information on Mongolia’s flora in terms of descriptions, high-resolution plant images and an interactive WebGIS application. Organised along an updated checklist of the approx. 3000 Mongolian vascular plants that serves as a taxonomic backbone, information is split into the taxon level, referring to plant species, and the record level, referring to record or a collected plant specimen. At the latter level, images of living plants, scans of herbarium sheets, habitat photos and further notes can be found. Both data levels are linked by the name of the respective plant species. An integrated WebGIS application enables the spatial visualisation at the taxon (distribution within phytogeographic units) and record level (dot maps). FloraGREIF is intended to be an internet accessible application tool for ecological and taxonomic research on Mongolia’s vegetation, but can serve as well as a data repository, e.g. for data from relevés survey

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

"Networking" als Lernziel der Entrepreneurship Education

Entrepreneurship einschließlich Business Planning gewinnt aus ökonomischen und arbeitsmarktpolitischen Gründen eine zentrale Bedeutung und wird daher als "Schlüsselkompetenz" bzw. "21st Century Skill" gefasst. Viele Studien betonen den Zusammenhang zwischen der Anzahl von Gründungen, erfolgreichen Übernahmen bestehender Unternehmen etc. mit ökonomischem Wachstum. Um hierauf vorzubereiten, wurden in den letzten Jahren umfassende Entrepreneurship Education-Angebote im beruflichen Bereich entwickelt - insbesondere in der beruflichen Erstausbildung und den Universitäten. Es wird (implizit) davon ausgegangen, dass "Entrepreneurship" bzw. "Fähigkeit zur Gründung" nicht angeborene Talente sind, sondern vermittelt und erlernt werden können. Aus einer wirtschaftspädagogischen Perspektive stellt sich daher die Frage, wie diese "Entrepreneurship-Fähigkeit" zu operationalisieren, mit welchen Mitteln und didaktischen Arrangements sie zu entwickeln und zu fördern und im Hinblick auf welche Dimensionen sowie mit welchen Instrumenten und Designs sie zu evaluieren ist. (DIPF/Orig.