The Kinetic Nonequilibrium Processes in the Internal Flow and in the Plume of Subsonic and Supersonic Aircrafts

(1) Our results show that under combustion of thermal destruction products of n-C8H18, and other hydrocarbon fuels with air at the equivalent ratio -0.5 and less the chemical equilibrium is not realized at the exit plane of combustion chamber and in the gas turbine and nozzle for most of small components such as NO2, NO3, HNO, HNO2, HNO3, N(x)H(y), HO2, OH. The chemical equilibrium is not realized in the internal flow of ramjet hydrogen combustion engine too. So at the nozzle exit plane both of gas-turbine hydrocarbon combustion engine and of ramjet hydrogen combustion engine the relatively large values of concentration of such small components as NO3, HNO2, N2O, HNO3, HNO, NH, N2H, HO2, H2O2 may be realized. The exact definition of these component concentration as well as concentration of NO(x), OH, SO2, O, H, H2, H2O at the nozzle exit plane is very important for plume chemistry. (2) The results which were obtained for subsonic and hypersonic aircrafts indicate on the considerable change of the composition of the gas mixture along the plume. This change can be caused not only by the mixture of combustion products with the atmosphere air but by proceeding of whole complex of nonequilibrium photochemical reactions. The photodissociation processes begin to influence on the formation of the free atoms and radicals at flight altitude H greater than or equal to 18 km. Neglect of these processes can result in essential (up to 10(exp 4) times) mistakes of values gamma(sub OH), gamma(sub O), gamma(sub H), gamma(sub HSO3) and some products of CFC's disintegration. It was found that penetration of Cl-containing species from the atmosphere into the exhaust flow and its interaction with nitrogen oxides leads to essential increasing of the concentration of Cl, Cl2, ClO2, ClNO3, CH3Cl and sometimes HCl and the decreasing of ClO concentration by comparison with background values. The results of our analysis show that the plume aircraft with both hydrocarbon and hydrogen combustion engine may be source of various pollutant components such as HNO, HNO4,ClO2, CH3NO2, CH3NO3, CH2O, Cl, H2O2, but not only NO, NO2, HNO2, HNO3, N2O5, SO2, SO3, H2SO4 as it was supposed before

Synthesising environmental and socio-economic sustainability models: a multi-level approach for advancing integrated sustainability research and practice

© 2016 Environment Institute of Australia and New Zealand Inc. Over the last decade, increasing research into sustainable business models has produced a number of prototypes that address various dimensions and levels of sustainability. What exists is a patchwork of certification and disconnected frameworks that are less than systematic and comprehensive. This article addresses this lack of integrated, holistic sustainability management research and practice guides by bringing together several salient and strategic sustainability management models. The authors then forward a synthesised, integrated environmental and socio-economic sustainability model that can be used by different types of entities, at different levels of human organisation, to identify, apply, assess, evaluate, and improve processes that advance sustainability values. This article concludes by suggesting future directions for modelling and applying the concepts and practices of multiple levels, systems elements, stages, structures, and cultures to advance sustainability management

Taoist leadership and employee green behaviour: A cultural and philosophical microfoundation of sustainability

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Taoist leadership and employee green behaviour: A cultural and philosophical microfoundation of sustainability, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2221. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archivin

Nano- and micro-scale morghological defects in oxidized a-SiC: H thin films

Amorphous carbon rich a-SiC:H films were deposited on silicon substrates by RF-magnetron sputtering of SiC target in argon/methane gas mixture. The principal focus of this study was investigation of the effect of thermal oxidation on structure and morphology reconstruction in a-SiC:H amorphous network. The density of the films was varied over the range 1.6-2.2 g/cm2 by varying the magnetron discharge power. The local nano- and micro-scale surface morphology and chemical composition distribution were examined by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with Auger electron scanning system and optical profilometry. It was found that partial oxidation leads to local structure reconstruction accompanied by transformation of mechanical stresses from compressive to tensile. Formation of carbon-enriched nano- and micro-scale regions was observed after oxidation in low density samples. We attrribute these morphological defects to migration and precipitation of carbon species released in the process of oxidation of the SiC amorphous network. The mechanism of tensile stresses generation is also discussed.Science and Technology Center of Ukraine, project No. 5513, National Academy of Science project No. 2-2-15-28 and Arts et Métiers ParisTech (invited professor

Nano- and micro-scale morghological defects in oxidized a-SiC: H thin films

Amorphous carbon rich a-SiC:H films were deposited on silicon substrates by RF-magnetron sputtering of SiC target in argon/methane gas mixture. The principal focus of this study was investigation of the effect of thermal oxidation on structure and morphology reconstruction in a-SiC:H amorphous network. The density of the films was varied over the range 1.6-2.2 g/cm2 by varying the magnetron discharge power. The local nano- and micro-scale surface morphology and chemical composition distribution were examined by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with Auger electron scanning system and optical profilometry. It was found that partial oxidation leads to local structure reconstruction accompanied by transformation of mechanical stresses from compressive to tensile. Formation of carbon-enriched nano- and micro-scale regions was observed after oxidation in low density samples. We attrribute these morphological defects to migration and precipitation of carbon species released in the process of oxidation of the SiC amorphous network. The mechanism of tensile stresses generation is also discussed.Science and Technology Center of Ukraine, project No. 5513, National Academy of Science project No. 2-2-15-28 and Arts et Métiers ParisTech (invited professor

Sustainability, epistemology, ecocentric business and marketing strategy:ideology, reality and vision

This conceptual article examines the relationship between marketing and sustainability through the dual lenses of anthropocentric and ecocentric epistemology. Using the current anthropocentric epistemology and its associated dominant social paradigm, corporate ecological sustainability in commercial practice and business school research and teaching is difficult to achieve. However, adopting an ecocentric epistemology enables the development of an alternative business and marketing approach that places equal importance on nature, the planet, and ecological sustainability as the source of human and other species' well-being, as well as the source of all products and services. This article examines ecocentric, transformational business, and marketing strategies epistemologically, conceptually and practically and thereby proposes six ecocentric, transformational, strategic marketing universal premises as part of a vision of and solution to current global un-sustainability. Finally, this article outlines several opportunities for management practice and further research

Syngas Production, Storage, Compression and Use in Gas Turbines

This chapter analyses syngas production through pyrolysis and gasification, its compression and its use in gas turbines. Syngas compression can be performed during or after thermal treatment processes. Important points are discussed related to syngas ignition, syngas explosion limit at high temperatures and high pressures and syngas combustion kinetics. Kinetic aspects influence ignition and final emissions which are obtained at the completion of the combustion process. The chapter is organized into four subsections, dealing with (1) innovative syngas production plants, (2) syngas compressors and compression process, (3) syngas ignition in both heterogeneous and homogeneous systems and (4) syngas combustion kinetics and experimental methods. Particular attention is given to ignition regions that affect the kinetics, namely systems that operate at temperatures higher than 1000 K can have strong ignition, whereas those operating at lower temperatures have weak ignition. Keywords: Pyrogas Pyrolysis Ignition Syngas Compression GasificationacceptedVersio