Remarks on the impact of the adopted scale on the priority estimation quality

The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is the method that supports people’s decisions in the multi-criteria decision making problems. In this method the decision process is based on pairwise comparing of every two possible alternatives. The decision maker (DM) compares alternatives by choosing an appropriate “linguistic phrase” or a number from a proper set. This set of “linguistic phrases” and/or the numbers connected with them are referred to as the priority scale. There are several different scales that are described in literature and used in AHP practice. In dependence of the scale chosen by the DM, the final decisions might differ. In the AHP it is assumed that DMs make mistakes over comparing pairs of alternatives, but it was also observed that the assumed scale increases these errors as well. In our paper, we investigate the impact of the adopted scale to the number and magnitude of errors in the final decision. Our results show that the choice of the scale has a big impact on the final decision, so it is crucial part of AHP. It turns out that scales with bigger resource of options result in better evaluations of priority vectors

Z dziejów emigracji zarobkowej: agenci emigracyjni na ziemiach polskich przed 1914 r.

Masowa emigracja zarobkowa z ziem polskich przed 1914 r. wywołała żywe dyskusje. Wzbudziła obawy o przyszłość narodu. Winę za spowodowanie tego zjawiska i jego narastanie przypisano m.in. agentom emigracyjnym, czyli pośrednikom sprzedającym bilety na okręty do Ameryki. Wiele przestępstw i nadużyć, które były nagłaśniane w prasie, potwierdzały ten stereotyp. W niniejszej pracy został on poddany analizie i zestawiony z opiniami samych emigrantów. W pracy podjęto również próbę rekonstrukcji i opisu kontekstu społecznego, struktur, zależności i metod działania składających się na pracę agentów emigracyjnych. Zarysowano także problem znaczenia działalności agentów dla emigracji w poszczególnych jej fazach w porównaniu z tym, jaką rolę odgrywały inne czynniki.Michał Starczewsk

Apoptosis in ovarian cells in postmenopausal women.

Apoptosis is a natural process which accompanies human ovary from the moment of birth until old age. While it is a well-known process at the reproductive age, it still needs to be thoroughly examined when referring to the postmenopausal age. The study involved 30 postmenopausal women who had their ovaries removed by laparotomy due to nonneoplastic diseases of the uterus. The women were divided into 3 groups depending on the time that had passed since the last menstruation. Group A consisted of women who had their last menstruation no more than 5 years earlier. In group B menopause occurred 5 to 10 years earlier. Group C was composed of patients who had the last menstruation over 10 years earlier. In all the patients concentrations of follitropin (FSH) and estradiol (E2) in blood plasma were measured. Ovarian tissue was obtained during surgery. For morphological studies, ovaries were fixed in Bouin's solution and 4% formalin and embedded in paraffin. Morphological analysis was carried out after hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining. For histochemical detection of apoptotic cells (in situ localization of fragment DNA), the TUNEL method was used. The expression of caspase-3 positive cells was determined immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded specimens. Comparing to groups A and B, the ovaries in group C contained small number of corpora albicantia located in the medullary part as well as thinned blood vessels and few lymphatic vessels and nerves. In contrast to group A where the number of TUNEL-positive cells was high and caspase-3 expression was observed, no TUNEL-positive nuclei and caspase-3 expression were found in the examined ovaries of group C women

Evaluation of revitalisation projects in Poland using the Maslin Multi-Dimensional Matrix. Heading towards green & social revitalisation

One of the greatest challenges currently facing cities is the evaluation of the revitalisation process, i.e., verifying whether and to what extent it has been successful. This assessment is important as it will determine the extent to which the revitalisation needs of a place have been met. The aim of this article is to present the results of the evaluation of a post-revitalisation space made by its users and to determine the usefulness of the Maslin Multi-Dimensional Matrix (MMDM) method used. This is the first attempt, not previously reported in the literature, to use the MMDM for evaluating revitalisation. According to research, projects of an integration and environmental character and those improving security were the most appreciated and at the same time had the best revitalising effect on the Bydgoskie Przedmieście district in Toruń, Poland. The lowest ratings were given to infrastructural projects or those dedicated to narrow social groups (alternative arts). The MMDM method should be considered an appropriate tool for evaluating revitalisation

PROBLEM WŁAŚCIWYCH PRZEDZIAŁÓW CZASOWYCH DLA WZORCOWANIA PRZYRZĄDÓW LABORATORYJNYCH W AKTUALNYCH UREGULOWANIACH MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH IECEE I PRAKTYCE ITE ODDZIAŁ PREDOM

Requirements for traceability of calibrations and calibration intervals contained in the document IECEE OD-5011 for the testing laboratories IECEE members are presented. Among the others, the issues related to selection of a calibration laboratory, calibration intervals for particular group of test equipment, requirements for traceability of calibrations as well as the matters of test equipment on the status of "Initial Calibration Only” were overviewed. Information about the IECEE OD-5011 application in the laboratory practice of ITE PREDOM Division is presented as well.W artykule przedstawiono wymagania zawarte w dokumencie IECEE OD-5011 dotyczące spójności pomiarowej i wzorcowania wyposażenia badawczego w laboratoriach zrzeszonych w IECEE. Omówiono m.in. sprawy wyboru laboratorium wzorcującego, okresów między kolejnymi wzorcowaniami dla poszczególnych grup sprzętu pomiarowego, wymagań dotyczących spójności pomiarowej. Omówiono zagadnienia wyposażenia badawczego podlegającego jedynie wzorcowaniu wstępnemu. Przedstawiono również informację o stosowaniu IECEE OD-5011 w bieżącej praktyce laboratoryjnej ITE Oddział PREDOM