55 research outputs found

    Formation Ă  l’entrepreneuriat dans le secondaire français : quelles rĂ©alitĂ©s politiques, du supranational au local ?

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    Suite aux assises de l’entrepreneuriat, en Ă©cho Ă  des prĂ©conisations europĂ©ennes, François Hollande (2013) annonce la mise en place d’un programme sur l’entrepreneuriat dans le secondaire. Qu’en est-il suite Ă  la rĂ©forme du collĂšge de 2016 ? Nous rappelons le contexte dans lequel un tel programme est appelĂ© Ă  se dĂ©velopper, en France, en interrogeant sa rhĂ©torique. Puis, nous caractĂ©risons le dĂ©veloppement d’une formation Ă  l’entrepreneuriat dans le secondaire, en France, du point de vue des politiques Ă©ducatives nationales et rĂ©gionales. Enfin, nous interrogeons sa mise en Ɠuvre dans la rĂ©gion Hauts-de-France.Following the « Conference on Entrepreneurship », echoing European recommendations, François Hollande (2013) announces the establishment of an entrepreneurship education program in secondary education. What about further the lower secondary school reform of 2016? We recall the context in which such a program is called to develop, in France, by questioning his rhetoric. Then, we characterize the development of training in entrepreneurship in the French secondary education, from the point of view of national and regional educational policies. Finally, we wonder about its implementation in the Hauts-de-France region.Nach den Unternehmertagen (Assises de l’Entrepreneuriat) und als Reaktion auf europĂ€ische Empfehlungen kĂŒndigte François Hollande (2013) ein Programm zur Förderung von unternehmerischem Denken und Handeln in den weiterfĂŒhrenden Schulen ein. Wie steht es nach der Reform des CollĂšge (untere Gymnasialstufe) von 2016 damit ? Es wird an den Kontext erinnert, in dem sich ein solches Programm in Frankreich entwickeln soll, und hinterfragen seine Rhetorik. Anschließend wird vom Standpunkt der landesweiten und regionalen Bildungspolitik auf die Merkmale der Ausarbeitung einer unternehmerisch ausgerichteten Ausbildung in den weiterfĂŒhrenden Schulen in Frankreich eingegangen. Zum Schluss wird deren Umsetzung in der Region Hauts-de-France betrachtet.Luego de las audiencias de emprendedorismo, en respuesta a las recomendaciones europeas, François Hollande (2013) anuncia la implementaciĂłn de un programa sobre emprendedorismo en el secundario. ÂżEn quĂ© quedĂł luego de la reforma del colegio de 2016 ? Recordamos el contexto en el que este programa debe desarrollarse en Francia, interrogando su retĂłrica. Luego caracterizamos el desarrollo de una formaciĂłn en emprendedorismo en el secundario, en Francia, desde el punto de vista de las polĂ­ticas educativas nacionales y regionales. Finalmente interrogamos su aplicaciĂłn en la regiĂłn Hauts-de-France

    Quelles relations entre conceptions « quotidienne » et scientifique des compétences transversales ?

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    Le recours important aux compĂ©tences transversales dans les champs de l’éducation, la formation et du travail contraste avec les positions critiques adoptĂ©es dans le champ scientifique vis-Ă -vis de cette notion. Dans l’idĂ©e de mettre en Ă©vidence les relations entre ces deux perspectives, nous proposons de suivre le travail de conceptualisation « quotidien » et « scientifique » en direction des compĂ©tences transversales. Pour ce faire, nous mobilisons les apports de la philosophie pragmatique de John Dewey. Nous considĂ©rons ainsi le travail de conceptualisation comme Ă©tant de l’ordre d’une enquĂȘte motivĂ©e par la rencontre d’une situation « troublĂ©e » et visant Ă  la solutionner. L’analyse des conceptualisations rĂ©alisĂ©es, selon les perspectives « quotidienne » et « scientifique », dans le champ scolaire et dans le cadre de la relation formation-emploi met en Ă©vidence diffĂ©rentes logiques. Si dans le champ scolaire, des questionnements semblent se rencontrer, la situation paraĂźt plus clivĂ©e dans le cadre de la relation formation-emploi.The important mobilisation of transversal skills in the fields of education, adult education and work contrasts with the critical position adopted in the scientific field with regard to the notion. In order to highlight the relationships between these two perspectives, we propose to follow the work of “everyday” and “scientific” conceptualization in the direction of transversal skills. To do this, we mobilize the contributions of John Dewey’s pragmatic philosophy. In this way, we consider the conceptualization work as an investigation motivated by the encounter of an indeterminated situation and aimed at solving it. The analysis of the conceptualizations carried out, according to the “everyday” and “scientific” perspectives, in the school field and in the framework of the training-employment relationship, highlights different logics. While in the field of school questions seem to be encountered, the situation appears to be more splited in the context of the training-employment relationship

    Fath GĂ©rard. École et Valeurs : la table brisĂ©e ? LaĂŻcitĂ© et pĂ©dagogie

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    Cet ouvrage se donne pour objectif d’interroger la laĂŻcitĂ© dans les pratiques pĂ©dagogiques et permet ainsi de repenser la formation professionnelle des enseignants. L’auteur rythme son propos en trois temps. AprĂšs avoir analysĂ© la « dĂ©viation » de l’exigence laĂŻque par la pĂ©dagogie officielle mĂȘme, il se pose la question de l’invalidation de l’exigence laĂŻque et enfin il donne Ă  voir l’émergence de l’espace axiologique propre Ă  dĂ©ployer une pĂ©dagogie porteuse de la problĂ©matique laĂŻque telle ..

    Vincent Caradec, Danilo Martucelli, Ă©ds, MatĂ©riaux pour une sociologie de l’individu. Perspectives et dĂ©bats

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    Cet ouvrage fait directement Ă©cho Ă  un prĂ©cĂ©dent livre de Danilo Martucelli (Grammaire des individus, Paris, Gallimard, 2002, 567 p.) oĂč, s’interrogeant sur les processus d’individuation, l’auteur avance que « [
] la vocation d’une sociologie de l’individu est de les cerner Ă  partir de leurs matĂ©riaux sociaux ». Ce nouvel ouvrage, coordonnĂ© par Vincent Caradec et Danilo Martucelli, comporte 14 contributions qui « ne s’inscrivent nullement [
] Ă  l’intĂ©rieur d’un quelconque paradigme » (p. 16)...

    La posture professionnelle : entre corps propre et corps sociaux

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    Savoir adopter une posture professionnelle semble correspondre, dans les espaces de travail, Ă  une attente sociale commune. Le sens commun associe en effet la posture dite professionnelle Ă  l’idĂ©e d’un agir compĂ©tent. Or, interroger la posture dans l’espace professionnel pose de nombreuses Ă©nigmes. Ce texte propose de poursuivre une conceptualisation de celle-ci Ă  partir de trois cadres thĂ©oriques : la clinique de l’activitĂ©, perspective phĂ©nomĂ©nologique et sociologie des champs. Nous proposons de la comprendre comme une manifestation du corps propre, situĂ©e au croisement de maniĂšres de percevoir et d’agir socialement orientĂ©es, qui engage l’individu dans son rapport le plus intime au vivre. Par la suite, nous sollicitons des terrains de recherche pluriels afin d’analyser une Ă©conomie de la posture. Il s’agit de comprendre selon quelles dynamiques cette derniĂšre est mobilisĂ©e dans l’espace professionnel. Dans une derniĂšre partie, et en guise d’ouverture, nous questionnons la posture scientifique, qui est ici posture sur la posture.Adopt a professional posture at work seems to be a common social expectation today. So, it is common to think that working competently needs a professional posture. But, when we try to explore its nature or its construction, many questions appear. These reflexions aim to pursue the theorizing of the posture at work from three theoretical frameworks: phenomenology, clinic of activity and theory of social fields. We suggest to understand the posture as a manifestation of the own-body, at the junction of ways of perceiving and behaving socially oriented, which involves intimately the person. Next, we refer to three field researches to analyse the economy of the posture. Finally, we examine the scientific posture which is here a posture on the posture

    Édito - Les compĂ©tences transversales : une notion et des usages qui interrogent

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    L’engouement actuel pour les compĂ©tences dites transversales, qui sont Ă  l’ordre du jour de nombreux rĂ©fĂ©rentiels (Portefeuille d’expĂ©rience et compĂ©tences, École de la deuxiĂšme chance, rĂ©fĂ©rentiel activitĂ©s/compĂ©tences transverses du Centre national de la fonction publique territoriale, etc.), tĂ©moigne, non seulement de l’essor continu de la notion de compĂ©tence dans le champ de l’éducation et du travail depuis les annĂ©es 1980, mais d’une structuration qui semble bien installĂ©e aujourd’hui. ..

    The Synthesis of Truncated Polypeptides for Immune Surveillance and Viral Evasion

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    Background: Cytotoxic T cells detect intracellular pathogens by surveying peptide loaded MHC class I molecules (pMHC I) on the cell surface. Effective immune surveillance also requires infected cells to present pMHC I promptly before viral progeny can escape. Rapid pMHC I presentation apparently occurs because infected cells can synthesize and present peptides from antigenic precursors called defective ribosomal products (DRiPs). The molecular characteristics of DRiPs are not known. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, using a novel method for detecting antigenic precursors and proteolytic intermediates, we tracked the synthesis and processing of Epstein-Barr Virus encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1). We find that ribosomes initiated translation appropriately, but rapidly produced DRiPs representing,120 amino acid truncated EBNA1 polypeptides by premature termination. Moreover, specific sequences in EBNA1 mRNA strongly inhibited the generation of truncated DRiPs and pMHC I presentation. Significance: Our results reveal the first characterization of virus DRiPs as truncated translation products. Furthermore

    Does maternal environmental condition during reproductive development induce genotypic selection in Picea abies ?

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    In forest trees, environmental conditions during reproduction can greatly influence progeny performance. This phenomenon probably results from adaptive phenotypic plasticity but also may be associated with genotypic selection. In order to determine whether selective effects during the reproduction are environment specific, single pair-crosses of Norway spruce were studied in two contrasted maternal environments (warm and cold conditions). One family expressed large and the other small phenotypic differences between these crossing environments. The inheritance of genetic polymorphism was analysed at the seed stage. Four parental genetic maps covering 66 to 78% of the genome were constructed using 190 to 200 loci. After correcting for multiple testing, there is no evidence of locus under strong and repeatable selection. The maternal environment could thus only induce limited genotypic-selection effects during reproductive steps, and performance of progenies may be mainly affected by a long-lasting epigenetic memory regulated by temperature and photoperiod prevailing during seed productio

    Detection of High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from the Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae with Fermi

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    Gamma-Ray Pulsar Bonanza Most of the pulsars we know about were detected through their radio emission; a few are known to pulse gamma rays but were first detected at other wavelengths (see the Perspective by Halpern ). Using the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, Abdo et al. (p. 840 , published online 2 July; see the cover) report the detection of 16 previously unknown pulsars based on their gamma-ray emission alone. Thirteen of these coincide with previously unidentified gamma-ray sources, solving the 30-year-old mystery of their identities. Pulsars are fast-rotating neutron stars. With time they slow down and cease to radiate; however, if they are in a binary system, they can have their spin rates increased by mass transfer from their companion stars, starting a new life as millisecond pulsars. In another study, Abdo et al. (p. 845 ) report the detection of gamma-ray emission from the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, which is coming from an ensemble of millisecond pulsars in the cluster's core. The data imply that there are up to 60 millisecond pulsars in 47 Tucanae, twice as many as predicted by radio observations. In a further companion study, Abdo et al. (p. 848 , published online 2 July) searched Fermi Large Area Telescope data for pulsations from all known millisecond pulsars outside of stellar clusters, finding gamma-ray pulsations for eight of them. Their properties resemble those of other gamma-ray pulsars, suggesting that they share the same basic emission mechanism. Indeed, both sets of pulsars favor emission models in which the gamma rays are produced in the outer magnetosphere of the neutron star

    A Population of Gamma-Ray Millisecond Pulsars Seen with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

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    Gamma-Ray Pulsar Bonanza Most of the pulsars we know about were detected through their radio emission; a few are known to pulse gamma rays but were first detected at other wavelengths (see the Perspective by Halpern ). Using the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, Abdo et al. (p. 840 , published online 2 July; see the cover) report the detection of 16 previously unknown pulsars based on their gamma-ray emission alone. Thirteen of these coincide with previously unidentified gamma-ray sources, solving the 30-year-old mystery of their identities. Pulsars are fast-rotating neutron stars. With time they slow down and cease to radiate; however, if they are in a binary system, they can have their spin rates increased by mass transfer from their companion stars, starting a new life as millisecond pulsars. In another study, Abdo et al. (p. 845 ) report the detection of gamma-ray emission from the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, which is coming from an ensemble of millisecond pulsars in the cluster's core. The data imply that there are up to 60 millisecond pulsars in 47 Tucanae, twice as many as predicted by radio observations. In a further companion study, Abdo et al. (p. 848 , published online 2 July) searched Fermi Large Area Telescope data for pulsations from all known millisecond pulsars outside of stellar clusters, finding gamma-ray pulsations for eight of them. Their properties resemble those of other gamma-ray pulsars, suggesting that they share the same basic emission mechanism. Indeed, both sets of pulsars favor emission models in which the gamma rays are produced in the outer magnetosphere of the neutron star
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