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Collocability of aspect in Czech

Tato práce si klade za cíl přispět k popisu kategorie slovesného vidu způsobem alternativním k zavedeným postupům, které vycházejí od morfologického utváření slovesa. Východiskem úvah jsou dějové a stavové události, přičemž hlavní pozornost věnujeme stavům, jejich povaze, vzniku a zániku. V centru pozornosti je vyjadřování stavových významů predikáty morfologicky perfektivních sloves. Za tímto účelem jsme provedli dvě analýzy korpusových dat (především SYN v7). V první analýze jsme posuzovali stavové versus dějové významy v prézentních a préteritních tvarech kapacitiv. Tato analýza ukázala, že kategorie času je důležitým faktorem pro vidovou interpretaci události. Druhá analýza se zaměřila na vidovou kolokaci, kterou můžeme nazvat aspektuální paradox, totiž spojení adverbia s významem trvání (např. stále) s morfologicky perfektivním slovesem. Z této analýzy vyplynulo, že dalším důležitým faktorem pro interpretaci události je modalita. Výsledkem analýzy sledované kolokace je klasifikace stavových významů, kterých perfektiva v dané kolokaci nabývají. Jedná se o významy schopnosti, možnosti existence, vlastnosti, kvantity aj. (celkem 11 stavových významů). Vedle toho se ukázalo, že verba sentiendi a některá verba cogitandi se v kolokaci chovají jinak než ostatní morfologická perfektiva. Poslední...The goal of the thesis is to contribute to the description of the category of aspect and to do so in an alternative way, i.e. without linking aspectual value of a sentence exclusively or directly to the morphological make-up of the verb. The starting point is the distinction between states and activities, i.e. between state and activity events. In the center of our attention are states, namely the way how states are expressed by perfective predicates. Two analyses of corpus data (SYN v7) were performed to pursue the issue. The first analysis focused on the occurrence of state and activity meanings of perfective forms of so-called capacitive verbs. It turns out that one of the decisive factors construing the aspectual meaning of a sentence is the category of tense. The other analysis focused on a collocation we have termed aspectual paradox. It combines durative adverbials (for instance stále) with perfective verbs in the framework of one construction. This analysis has demonstrated that another important factor involved in sentence aspectual construal is modality. Another outcome of this analysis is a classification of state meanings of the "durative adverbial + perfective" collocation. Eleven kinds of meanings were established: ability, possibility, existence, quality, quantity, etc. Verba...Institute of the Czech National CorpusÚstav českého národního korpusuFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult

Clitics and Infinitive Vassals

Word order of Czech enclitics is quite difficult to acquire for studentsof Czech as foreign language. While native speakers can “hear” the correct word order, theforeigner needs a set of rules to guide him. The usual rule for the word order of fixed enclitics seemsto be breached quite often. The article focuses on one type of sentences in which the rule for theword order of fixed enclitics is violated, namely in sentences which except for a finite verb includean infinitive and consequently two series of enclitics. The finite verb and the infinitive each syntacticallygovern (are governor to) their respective enclitics which in turn are their subjects (recta). Ifthe infinitive is part of the sentence predicate, the enclitics follow the usual rule of word order unlessthe infinitive becomes part of the sentence rhema (comments). In that case its subjects precedeit. If the infinitive is not part of the sentence predicate (in other words it is subject, object or complement),precedes it then the infinitive subjects follow it. However, if the infinitive is not part ofthe sentence predicate, and is placed at the sentence end, then its subjects precede it. If the infinitivefunctions as an attribute to a noun, it follows the noun. If the nominal phrase N + infinitivestarts a sentence then the reflexive particle se/si follows the infinitive in 98% of cases. If the encliticpersonal pronouns occur in the reversed order, i.e. Acc.–Dat. order, or two dative enclitics followone immediately after another then the enclitics subjects are as close as possible to their regens/governor. The so-called contact dative, which does not have a governor, is not bound in this way10912

Příklonky a vazaly infinitivu : Clitics and Infinitive Vassals

Word order of Czech enclitics is quite difficult to acquire for students of Czech as foreign language. While native speakers can “hear” the correct word order, the foreigner needs a set of rules to guide him. The usual rule for the word order of fixed enclitics seems to be breached quite often. The article focuses on one type of sentences in which the rule for the word order of fixed enclitics is violated, namely in sentences which except for a finite verb include an infinitive and consequently two series of enclitics. The finite verb and the infinitive each syntactically govern (are governor to) their respective enclitics which in turn are their subjects (recta). If the infinitive is part of the sentence predicate, the enclitics follow the usual rule of word order unless the infinitive becomes part of the sentence rhema (comments). In that case its subjects precede it. If the infinitive is not part of the sentence predicate (in other words it is subject, object or complement), precedes it then the infinitive subjects follow it. However, if the infinitive is not part of the sentence predicate, and is placed at the sentence end, then its subjects precede it. If the infinitive functions as an attribute to a noun, it follows the noun. If the nominal phrase N + infinitive starts a sentence then the reflexive particle se/si follows the infinitive in 98% of cases. If the enclitic personal pronouns occur in the reversed order, i.e. Acc.–Dat. order, or two dative enclitics follow one immediately after another then the enclitics subjects are as close as possible to their regens/ governor. The so-called contact dative, which does not have a governor, is not bound in this wa

Collocability of aspect in Czech

The goal of the thesis is to contribute to the description of the category of aspect and to do so in an alternative way, i.e. without linking aspectual value of a sentence exclusively or directly to the morphological make-up of the verb. The starting point is the distinction between states and activities, i.e. between state and activity events. In the center of our attention are states, namely the way how states are expressed by perfective predicates. Two analyses of corpus data (SYN v7) were performed to pursue the issue. The first analysis focused on the occurrence of state and activity meanings of perfective forms of so-called capacitive verbs. It turns out that one of the decisive factors construing the aspectual meaning of a sentence is the category of tense. The other analysis focused on a collocation we have termed aspectual paradox. It combines durative adverbials (for instance stále) with perfective verbs in the framework of one construction. This analysis has demonstrated that another important factor involved in sentence aspectual construal is modality. Another outcome of this analysis is a classification of state meanings of the "durative adverbial + perfective" collocation. Eleven kinds of meanings were established: ability, possibility, existence, quality, quantity, etc. Verba..