Strategija bankarskog sektora u kontekstu održivog razvoja - perspektive Srbije

Održivi razvoj nudi viziju napretka koja integriše kratkoročne i dugoročne ciljeve, lokalne i globalne aktivnosti koje se tiču socijalnih, ekonomskih i pitanja životne sredine kao neodvojivih i međuzavisnih komponenti ljudskog napretka. U proces ostvarivanja održivog razvoja uključuje se stanovništvo, vladine i nevladine organizacije, kompanije, kao i celokupan finansijski sektor. U ovom radu najviše pažnje se posvećuje bankama, kao integralnom delu finansijskog sistema, i ulogom koju menadžeri u bankama mogu preuzeti u implementaciji principa održivog razvoja. Bankarstvo u kontekstu održivog razvoja može se definisati kao odluka banaka da kreiraju proizvode i usluge koji uključuju društvene i komponente zaštite životne sredine. Prikazane su najuticajnije međunarodne inicijative i prakse koje banke orijentisane na održivi razvoj koriste, kao i uzroci rastućeg značaja ovog segmenta bankarstva u prethodnom periodu. Deskriptivnom analizom prikazane su mogućnosti i potencijali koje banke u Srbiji imaju u pogledu akcija usmerenih na postizanje ciljeva održivog razvoja, pre svega kroz analizu Akcionog plana za sprovođenje Nacionalne strategije održivog razvoja za period od 2009. do 2017. Godine. Cilj rada je da se ukaže na konkretne akcije koje menadžment banke može da implementira u svoje strategije razvoja, uz poseban osvrt na sistem za upravljanje društvenom i životnom sredinom (social and environmental management system – SEMS)

Globalization and methodology of researches in international trade

The intensive globalization of production at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century led to a significant distortion of statistical data of the volume of international trade. The usage of these data in quantitative research does not provide reliable information regarding the development potential of a particular export route (orientation) or products. The specific methodological procedure has been proposed in order to correct these data, prior to their application in known econometric models. It includes standard procedures for separation of inter-industry from intra-industry trade, and then the differentiation of horizontal and vertical form of intra-industry exchange. In the last step, the disputed value of exports is identified by marking unusual situation of higher export price of undeveloped economies to the developed ones. This is a result of the multiple crossing of the border of the same products. The obtained corrected value of statistical data can be successfully applied in existing econometric models. The methodological procedure was applied to the selected Serbian export groups of products and several of its key export partner countries. The results show that the statistical value of export is 10% to 40% higher than the real one

Komparativna analiza različitih strategija za kontrolu klasične svinjske kuge upotrebom Monte Carlo simulacije

Several different strategies for control and eradication of Classical Swine Fever (CSF) were compared using a Monte Carlo method-based simulation model. The control strategy analyzed in this paper, in addition to other CSF control measures, includes application of biosecurity measures on pig farms and rural backyard holdings. Elements of the control strategy are based on applicable regulations and include the simulation of detection of the disease, setting up the protected and surveillance zones, standstill of pig movements and restricted movement of animals, vehicles, equipment, and people with strong control measures in protection and surveillance zones, euthanasia of susceptible pigs, protective vaccination of pigs, compensation etc. During the simulation, different output parameters were compared such as: duration of epizootic of a disease, number of affected holdings and animals, direct costs such as those for dead or culled animals, costs of surveillance, disposal of infectious materials, cleaning and disinfection. Depopulation of affected animals with early diagnostics and vaccination in protection and surveillance zone proved to be the most effective measures to stop spreading and eradication of the disease. However, during the simulation, systematic implementation of biosecurity measures in all pig production clusters demonstrated to be appropriate strategy for sustainable control of CSF and setting up a stable epizootiological situation.Nekoliko različitih strategija za kontrolu i iskorenjivanje klasične kuge svinja je upoređivano primenom modela simulacije zasnovanog na Monte Karlo metodi. Kontrolne strategije koje su obrađivane u ovom radu, pored opštih i posebnih mera suzbijanja KKS, uključuju i različite nivoe primenjenih biosigurnosnih mera na komercijalnim, porodičnim farmama i seoskim gazdinstvima na kojima se ga je svinje. Mere neškodljivog uništavanja obolelih životinja i životinja koje su bile u kontaktu sa obolelim životinjama, uspostavljanje zaštitnih zona pod nadzorom, kontrola i zaustavljanje prometa životinja i mehaničkih vektora (vozila i ljudi) unutar zona, rano otkrivanje bolesti i mera vakcinacije su bile uključene u simulaciju. Izlazni parametri kao što su: vreme trajanja epizootije, broj zaraženih gazdinstava i životinja, broj uništenih životinja, troškovi nadzora i direktne štete nastale zbog pojavljivanja bolesti s upoređivani tokom simulacije. Vakcinacija, neškodljivo uklanjanje obolelih životinja i rana dijagnostika su se pokazale kao najefektivnije mere zaustavljanja širenja i iskorenjivanja bolesti. Međutim, kao mera dugoročne strategije kontrole KKS i uspostavljanja stabilne epizootiološke situacije, tokom simulacije pokazala se mera planskog i sistematskog podizanja biosigurnosnih mera u svim klasterima proizvodnje svinja (komercijalne farme, porodične farme tipa A, porodične farme tipa B i seoska gazdinstva)

Simulation of the transmission by vectors of bluetongue disease and analysis of the control strategy

Bluetongue disease is an infectious non-contagious disease of domestic and wild ruminants, transmitted by hematophagous insects of the genus Culicoides. In endemic areas the disease has a seasonal character, occurs usually in summer when the population of vectors is at its peak. Culicoides are active at temperatures in the range from 13 degrees to 35 degrees C. The replication of the virus stops when the environmental temperature is below 13 degrees C. It has been reported that the temperature and humidity of the environment affect to a great extent the biology of the vector and the survival of the virus in the reservoirs. During the summer, the number of infected cattle and sheep is directly dependent on the density of the population of the vector, the length of vectors life-span, the temperature of the environment and by precipitation, the affinity of the vector to different hosts, and the ability of the vector to locate the host. Bluetongue has been spreading worldwide due to climatic changes and increasing average daily temperatures. The seasonal occurrences of the disease and the climate change have conditioned the need for adopting new strategies. The stochastic SEIRD mathematical model has been developed in order to simulate the transmission of the Bluetongue virus through the susceptible ruminant population on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, as well as to investigate the effect of climatic factors on the vector population and the magnitude of a possible epizootia. Besides the effects of climatic factors, we have analyzed a number of different approaches in the control of the disease based upon the vaccination of ruminants and control of vectors

Risk Based Approach to Integrity Assessment of a Large Spherical Pressure Vessel

The risk based approach has been applied, in its simplest form, i.e. by using the risk matrix to illustrate how the water proof test can shift risk from high to very high level in the case of large spherical pressure vessel (ammonia storage tank). Having in mind the basic definition of risk, being the product of the probability and consequence, and fixing the consequence at the highest level, only probability of unfavourable event (leakage and/or failure) has been evaluated. Toward this end, the failure assessment diagram (FAD) has been used here as another simple engineering tool to estimate probability of the failure, as the function of the position of the operating point, i.e. defming probability as the ratio between the distance of the operating point from the zero point, and the appropriate distance between the point on the limiting curve and zero point. This simple engineering tool to assess structural integrity showed clearly that water proof test is not always recommended, because it disregards possible stable growth of cracks, which might reach critical size for unstable growth, i.e. it does not prove that failure will not happen in future under the same conditions. Copyright (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V

Damage tolerance analysis of structural components under general load spectrum

In this investigation fatigue behaviour of damaged structural components under cyclic loads constant amplitude and load spectrum is considered. Primary attention of this investigation is the establishment of computation procedure for the evaluation of the residual life of aircraft attachment lug type structural elements in the presence of initial cracks. In this investigation for residual life estimation and crack growth analysis Strain Energy Density ( SED) method is used. The SED method uses the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) properties of the material in crack growth analysis. In this approach experimentally obtained dynamic properties of the material such as Forman's constants are not required when this method is concerned. The complete computation procedure for the crack propagation analysis using low-cycle fatigue material properties is illustrated with the damaged structural elements. To determine analytic expressions for stress intensity factors (SIF) singular finite elements are used. Results of numerical simulation for crack propagation based on strain density method have been compared with own experimental results

Nematicidal Activity of Essential Oils on a Psychrophilic Panagrolaimus sp. (Nematoda: Panagrolaimidae)

Essential oils (EOs) have historically been used for centuries in folk medicine, and nowadays they seem to be a promising control strategy against wide spectra of pathogens, diseases, and parasites. Studies on free-living nematodes are scarce. The free-living microbivorous nematode Panagrolaimus sp. was chosen as the test organism. The nematode possesses extraordinary biological properties, such as resistance to extremely low temperatures and long-term survival under minimal metabolic activity. Fifty EOs from 22 plant families of gymnosperms and angiosperms were tested on Panagrolaimus sp. The aims of this study were to investigate the in vitro impact of EOs on the psychrophilic nematode Panagrolaimus sp. in a direct contact bioassay, to list the activity of EOs based on median lethal concentration (LC50), to determine the composition of the EOs with the best nematicidal activity, and to compare the activity of EOs on Panagrolaimus sp. versus plant parasitic nematodes. The results based on the LC50 values, calculated using Probit analysis, categorized the EOs into three categories: low, moderate and highly active. The members of the laurel family, i.e., Cinnamomum cassia and C. burmannii, exhibited the best nematicidal activity. Aldehydes were generally the major chemical components of the most active EOs and were the chemicals potentially responsible for the nematicidal activity

A serological survey of canine leptospirosis in the city of Belgrade, Serbia

Canine leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Leptospira. Dogs are one of the animal species involved in the cycle of preservation and transmission of leptospirosis in urban areas. Serological testing for the presence of specific antibodies against Leptospira spp. in dogs was continuously performed between 2010 and 2020 in the city of Belgrade. At the request of the owners themselves, other veterinary laboratories or laboratory clinics, 179 blood sera from 179 dogs were examined in the Laboratory for Immunology, Scientific Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia. Blood sera samples from dogs were examined using the standard microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the presence of specific antibodies against seven different serovars of Leptospira: Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Sejroe, Canicola, Bataviae, and Australis. The number of seropositive dogs was 17/179 (9.5%). Among all examined sera, the highest titre of seropositive samples was to serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae (10/17, 58.8%), followed by Pomona (4/17, 23.5%), and serovar Canicola (3/17, 17.6%). Specific antibodies for serovars Grippotyphosa, Sejroe, Bataviae and Australis were not detected in any of the dog sera. Cross-reaction (the presence of two or three titres with different values where one of them was higher than others) between different serovars was diagnosed in a low number of sera (n=4), with the following serovars: Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona (n=3) and Pomona and Canicola (n=1). The confirmed specific antibody titres for Leptospira spp. were between 1:100 to 1:3000 (5 sera had titres of 1:100, 7 had titres of 1:300, 4 had titres of 1:1000, and 1 serum had a titre 1:3000). Monitoring canine leptospirosis is a useful tool in preventing leptospirosis in Belgrade

Establishing and maintaining knowledge management in the enterprises of the defense industry

Establishing knowledge management means setting up, maintaining and constantly updating a state by generating new models and rules of its use, i.e. means process. Each process takes place in accordance with a logical structure and certain rules, supported by someone.It has a specific goal, directed content and it requires some assumptions,that is, characteristics of the environment in which it takes place. When it comes to knowledge management, its establishment and maintenance, the enterprises of the defense industry represent the environment and its properties condition the generation of knowledge management. On this assumption, questions can be asked and their answers explain the knowledge management generation

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococcus Species Isolated in Raw Chicken Meat from Retail Stores

The study was aimed at evaluating the presence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in retailed raw chicken meat from retail stores intended for human consumption. The presence, characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus from 38 retail raw chicken meat samples was performed using a standard microbiological method involving mannitol salt agar (MSA) and Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA). All the samples were positive for Staphylococcus species, of which 34 (89.5%) were positive for S. aureus. The S. aureus isolates were most resistant to tetracycline (88.24%), erythromycin (82.35%), and chloramphenicol (61.77%). Nevertheless, decreased resistance towards gentamycin (23.53%) and cotrimoxazole (38.24%) were recorded. All the S. aureus isolates in this study were resistant to cloxacillin, amoxicillin, and augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid). The present findings show how the raw chicken meat samples could be a potential source of multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains dissemination. Therefore, this study suggests high-level contamination of meat with multidrug-resistant S. aureus and highlights the public health consequences of consuming such products. Undoubtedly, uncontrolled drugs in food animal production as growth stimulators or medicinal treatment present a possible consequence to people’s health. Having the aforementioned in mind, there is a necessity to control the use of drugs and monitor any residues left in the food intended for human consumption.This research was supported by Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, and through a Beatriz Galindo Fellowship of the Ministerio de Educacion y Formacion Profesional, Spanish Government (BGP18/00062)