Tyrosine as a Countermeasure to Performance Decrement During Sleep Loss

The fatigue and cognitive performance deficits associated with sleep loss and stress have motivated the search for effective nonpharmacological countermeasures. The purpose of the present study was to examine the potential behavioral effects of tyrosine, an amino-acid presursor to dopamine and norepinephrine, during an episode of continuous nighttime work involving one night of sleep loss

PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN DAN STRESS KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR KOMISI PEMILIHAN UMUM DI PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh lingkungan dan stress kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Komisi Pemilihan Umum di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai yang bekerja di Komisi Pemilihan Umum yang berada di Propinsi Sulawesi Utara berjumlah 242 pegawai. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawai yang berada di 7 Kabupaten Kota yaitu Kab. Minahasa, Kab. Minahasa Selatan, Kab. Minahasa Utara, Kab. MInahasa Tenggaara, Kota Manado, Kota Bitung, dan Kota Tomohon. Jumlah sampel 140 pegawai, dimana 20 responden setiap kantor. Penelitian ini menggunakan stratified random sampling. Dari 140 kuisioner yang diedarkan, total kuisioner yang dapat digunakan dalam analisis berjumlah 74 kuisioner. Teknik analysis yang digunakan adalah regresi berganda dengan bantuan program spss 22. Hasil analisis mengidentifikasikan (1) lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai, (2) stress kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai, (3) lingkungan kerja dan stress kerja secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai. Kata- kata Kunci : Lingkungan kerja, Stress Kerja, Kinerja Pegawai, Komis Pemilihan Umum Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze environmental influences and work stress on the performance of employees at the General Election Commission Office in North Sulawesi Province. The population in this study were all employees working in the General Election Commission in North Sulawesi Province totaling 242 employees. The sample in this study were employees who were in 7 City Regencies namely Kab. Minahasa, Kab. Minahasa Selatan, Kab. Minahasa Utara, Kab. Minahasa Tenggara, Kota Manado, Kota Bitung, and Kota Tomohon. The number of samples is 140 employees, of which 20 respondents are each office. This study uses stratified random sampling. Of the 140 questionnaires that were circulated, the total questionnaire that could be used in the analysis amounted to 74 questionnaires. The analysis technique used is multiple regression with the help of the SPSS 22 program. The results of the analysis identify (1) the work environment has a significant effect on employee performance, (2) work stress has a significant effect on employee performance, (3) the work environment and work stress together affect employee performance. Keywords : Work environment, Job Stress, Employee Performance, General Election Commission of North Sulawesi Province

Clonal Differences between Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) Recovered from Children and Animals Living in Close Contact in The Gambia

Salmonellosis is a neglected tropical disease causing serious dysentery and septicaemia particularly in young infants, elderly and immunocompromised individuals such as HIV patients and associated with substantial mortality in developing countries. Salmonellosis also constitutes a major public health problem as it is considered the most widespread bacterial zoonosis of food origin throughout the world. Many epidemiological data exist from developed countries concerning transmission of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) but few are available from developing countries. In addition few studies in sub-Saharan Africa have considered the interface between humans and their environment in relation to animals present in the household and food hygiene. This study describes the prevalence of NTS among fourteen Gambian children and 210 domestic animals living in close proximity (household) to the children in a rural setting in The Gambia. We found that the domestic animals living in the same household as patients carried different NTS serovar and genotypes; indicating that zoonotic transmission does not occur in our setting. This study provides baseline data for future studies of transmission of NTS in rural Africa

The Disease Burden of Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Cameroon

Taenia solium cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease occurring in many developing countries. A relatively high prevalence in humans and pigs has been reported in several parts of the world, but insufficient data are available on the disease burden. Disease impact assessment needs detailed information on well-defined epidemiological and economic parameters. Our work conducted in West Cameroon over several years allowed us to collect the necessary information to estimate the impact of the parasite on the human and animal populations in this area using both cost and Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) estimations. This study identified the professional inactivity caused by the disease as the major loss factor in comparison to the cost of health care and losses due to infected pigs. These findings should allow a simpler estimation of the global disease burden based on information on salary levels and human cysticercosis prevalence in endemic areas of the world. In addition, the number of DALYs lost was higher than estimates already available for some other neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa

Spatial variation of municipalities’ income situation versus socio-economic development of rural areas in Poland

Celem badań było rozpoznanie przestrzennego zróżnicowania sytuacji dochodowej gmin wiejskich i miejsko-wiejskich na tle ich poziomu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. Pozytywnie zweryfikowano postawione hipotezy, że rozkład oceny sytuacji dochodowej jest przestrzennie spolaryzowany, że istnieje silna i dodatnia współzależność pomiędzy miarą sytuacji dochodowej i poziomem rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego i ze im wyższy poziom rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego, tym niższy jest udział transferów środków publicznych. Analiza sytuacji dochodowej dotyczyła okresu 2010-2012. Badaniu podlegały 2173 gminy wiejskie i miejsko-wiejskie. Eksploracja danych możliwa była dzięki wykorzystaniu danych pochodzących z Banku Danych Lokalnych GUS.The objective of the analysis was to explore the spatial variation of the Polish municipalities’ income situation and to identify the relationship between the relative measure of the income situation (and its components) and the level of socio-economic development. The following hypotheses have been verified: -The distribution assessment of the income situation is spatially polarized; -There is a strong and positive correlation between the measure of the income situation and the level of socio-economic development; -The higher the level of socio-economic development, the lower the share of public funds transfers. The analysis was performed for the period 2010-2012, using data BDL. 2173 of rural and urban-rural municipalities are the subject of the study