An open science resource for establishing reliability and reproducibility in functional connectomics

Efforts to identify meaningful functional imaging-based biomarkers are limited by the ability to reliably characterize inter-individual differences in human brain function. Although a growing number of connectomics-based measures are reported to have moderate to high test-retest reliability, the variability in data acquisition, experimental designs, and analytic methods precludes the ability to generalize results. The Consortium for Reliability and Reproducibility (CoRR) is working to address this challenge and establish test-retest reliability as a minimum standard for methods development in functional connectomics. Specifically, CoRR has aggregated 1,629 typical individuals’ resting state fMRI (rfMRI) data (5,093 rfMRI scans) from 18 international sites, and is openly sharing them via the International Data-sharing Neuroimaging Initiative (INDI). To allow researchers to generate various estimates of reliability and reproducibility, a variety of data acquisition procedures and experimental designs are included. Similarly, to enable users to assess the impact of commonly encountered artifacts (for example, motion) on characterizations of inter-individual variation, datasets of varying quality are included

Stereotype-Consistent and Inconsistent Behavioral Changes After Image-Based Stereotype Priming

66 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2000.This dissertation reports four studies investigating the relationship between stereotype activation in out-group category members and subsequent changes in the performance of stereotype-relevant tasks. Based on pilot data collected in Study 1, three experiments were conducted in which Caucasian participants were subliminally exposed to images of either African-Americans or Asians. Study 2 demonstrated that exposure to African-American faces led to relatively poor performance on a quantitative subsection of the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), whereas exposure to images of Asians led to relatively superior performance on the GRE task. Study 3 demonstrated that, in contrast to Study 2, subliminal exposure to African-American faces led to relatively good performance on a test of rhythmic ability. Study 4 demonstrated that sex differences in the mental representation of the Black stereotype led to qualitatively different effects on task performance. Exposing males to African-American faces improved subsequent basketball task performance, but exposing females to these faces led to poorer performance on the task. The implications of these results for the effects of stereotype activation on both in-group and out-group category members are discussed.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Stereotype-Consistent and Inconsistent Behavioral Changes After Image-Based Stereotype Priming

66 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2000.This dissertation reports four studies investigating the relationship between stereotype activation in out-group category members and subsequent changes in the performance of stereotype-relevant tasks. Based on pilot data collected in Study 1, three experiments were conducted in which Caucasian participants were subliminally exposed to images of either African-Americans or Asians. Study 2 demonstrated that exposure to African-American faces led to relatively poor performance on a quantitative subsection of the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), whereas exposure to images of Asians led to relatively superior performance on the GRE task. Study 3 demonstrated that, in contrast to Study 2, subliminal exposure to African-American faces led to relatively good performance on a test of rhythmic ability. Study 4 demonstrated that sex differences in the mental representation of the Black stereotype led to qualitatively different effects on task performance. Exposing males to African-American faces improved subsequent basketball task performance, but exposing females to these faces led to poorer performance on the task. The implications of these results for the effects of stereotype activation on both in-group and out-group category members are discussed.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Cultural variation in the use of current life satisfaction in future outlook

Three studies examined both cultural and situational influences on the tendency for people to use their current life satisfaction to predict future life events. Other cross-cultural studies have demonstrated that persons with individualistic cultural backgrounds typically attribute their own success or other's failure to internal, stable factors, whereas persons with collectivistic cultural backgrounds tend to attribute such events to situational, unstable factors. Based on this finding, we predicted that either writing about a positive experience of their own or reading about the negative experience of another would lead European Americans to think about life as stable, and thus lead them to use their current life satisfaction as a heuristic for predicting the future. However, we predicted that these same conditions would lead Asian Americans to think about life as unstable, and therefore would decrease their likelihood of using their current life satisfaction as a basis for predictions. Experiments 1 and 2 supported these hypotheses. Furthermore, Experiment 3 confirmed the hypotheses under conditions in which participants' collectivist or individualist orientation was experimentally manipulated

Concordance among indices of intrinsic brain function: Insights from inter-individual variation and temporal dynamics

Various resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI) measures have been developed to characterize intrinsic brain activity. While each of these measures has gained a growing presence in the literature, questions remain regarding the common and unique aspects these indices capture. The present work provided a comprehensive examination of inter-individual variation and intra-individual temporal variation for commonly used measures, including fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, regional homogeneity, voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity, network centrality and global signal correlation. Regardless of whether examining intra-individual or inter-individual variation, we found that these definitionally distinct R-fMRI indices tend to exhibit a relatively high degree of covariation, which doesn't exist in phase randomized surrogate data. As a measure of intrinsic brain function, concordance for R-fMRI indices was negatively correlated with age across individuals (i.e., concordance among functional indices decreased with age). To understand the functional significance of concordance, we noted that higher concordance was generally associated with higher strengths of R-fMRI indices, regardless of whether looking through the lens of inter-individual (i.e., high vs. low concordance participants) or intra-individual (i.e., high vs. low concordance states identified via temporal dynamic analyses) differences. We also noted a linear increase in functional concordance together with the R-fMRI indices through the scan, which may suggest a decrease in arousal. The current study demonstrated an enriched picture regarding the relationship among the R-fMRI indices, as well as provided new insights in examining dynamic states within and between individuals. (C) 2017 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press. All rights reserved

Concordance among indices of intrinsic brain function: Insights from inter-individual variation and temporal dynamics

Various resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI) measures have been developed to characterize intrinsic brain activity. While each of these measures has gained a growing presence in the literature, questions remain regarding the common and unique aspects these indices capture. The present work provided a comprehensive examination of inter-individual variation and intra-individual temporal variation for commonly used measures, including fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, regional homogeneity, voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity, network centrality and global signal correlation. Regardless of whether examining intra-individual or inter-individual variation, we found that these definitionally distinct R-fMRI indices tend to exhibit a relatively high degree of covariation, which doesn&#39;t exist in phase randomized surrogate data. As a measure of intrinsic brain function, concordance for R-fMRI indices was negatively correlated with age across individuals (i.e., concordance among functional indices decreased with age). To understand the functional significance of concordance, we noted that higher concordance was generally associated with higher strengths of R-fMRI indices, regardless of whether looking through the lens of inter-individual (i.e., high vs. low concordance participants) or intra-individual (i.e., high vs. low concordance states identified via temporal dynamic analyses) differences. We also noted a linear increase in functional concordance together with the R-fMRI indices through the scan, which may suggest a decrease in arousal. The current study demonstrated an enriched picture regarding the relationship among the R-fMRI indices, as well as provided new insights in examining dynamic states within and between individuals. (C) 2017 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press. All rights reserved.</p