83 research outputs found
Dejan JoviÄ (ur.) - KonstruktivistiÄke teorije meÄunarodnih odnosa
Fakultet politiÄkih znanosti, Zagreb, 2016., 287 str
Zdravstveni status i biosigurnosni planovi na farmama svinja
Preservation of necessary level of swine herd health status is the most important aspect of bio-security, farm production and successful welfare protection. It involves a list of bio-security measures which must be essential part of production technology, including good rearing conditions and other prophylactic measures appliance. According to previously performed investigations, a list of elements required to establish standards for bio-security for particular pig farm was created. The list includes elements related to assure spatial., microclimate and hygienic conditions for pigs rearing, care, nutrition and watering, surveillance, regrouping and transport of swine, disease outbreak control, barns equipment and production process organization which are performed by veterinarians and zootechnicians. Bio-security standards must concern necessary level of swine herd health status and organization, size and type of operation and anticipate all compulsory measures for health control and disease spreading prevention, particularly those whose outbreak must be reported. In bio-security plan structure present epidemiological situation, potential herd health and production threats, as well as possible solutions must be concerned.OÄuvanje potrebnog nivoa zdravstvenog stanja populacije je najvažniji aspekt oÄuvanja biosigurnosti i uspeha proizvodnje, kao i dobrobiti svinja, i podrazumeva niz biosigurnosnih mera koje moraju biti sastavni deo proizvodne tehnologije, ukljuÄujuÄi dobre uslove smeÅ”taja i držanja i primenu profilaktiÄkih mera. Na osnovu sprovedenih istraživanja je sastavljena lista elemenata neophodnih za uspostavljanje standarda i izradu planova biosigurnosti za konkretnu farmu svinja. Lista sadrži elemente koji se odnose na obezbeÄenja prostornih, mikroklimatskih i higijenskih uslova gajenja životinja, negu, ishranu i napajanje, nadzor, pregrupisavanje i transport životinja, mera za spreÄavanje pojave bolesti, opremanje staja i organizacija tehnoloÅ”kog procesa proizvodnje, koje sprovode odgajivaÄi, veterinarski i zootehniÄki struÄnjaci. Standardi biosigurnosti moraju uzeti u obzir neophodan nivo zdravstvenog stanja zapata svinja, organizaciju, obim i vid proizvodnje na farmi i predvideti sve neophodne mere za kontrolu zdravstvenog stanja zapata i spreÄavanje unoÅ”enja i Å”irenja infektivnih bolesti, posebno onih Äije se postojanje mora prijaviti. Pri izradi konkretnih planova biosigurnosti mora se uzeti u obzir trenutna epizootioloÅ”ka situacija, ali i predvideti potencijalne pretnje po zdravstveno stanje i proizvodnju na farmi i moguÄa reÅ”enja
NajznaÄajnije dileme koje se odnose na dobrobit farmskih životinja
In this review paper, contradictions in modern livestock production as dilemmas of farm animal welfare are considered. The main dilemma concerns the question of whether extensive production in small farms is generally better than intensive production in large farms. The next dilemma relates to an intensive selection of animals and its impact on the emergence of welfare problems. Another dilemma is related to the two main interconnected problems of pig welfare in individual farrowing pens: the piglet death by crushing and the sows' movement restriction. Similarly, welfare dilemma is the paradox of parent flocks of broiler line breeding that could not be solved until the pressure for genetic advancement in production is required due to the economic efficiency. The next example of the dilemma is the widespread practice of tail docking in piglets in order to reduce the risk of tail biting. Although the tail docking is painful and may cause death, anaesthesia is usually not applied on farms. A similar example of the dilemma is debeaking in the laying hens and the occurrence of feather pecking in free rearing systems. It is important to notice the difference between the described dilemmas, where one premise opposes the other, which is essentially a conflict between the animal welfare goals and other values, such as economic, ethical and moral issues. Finally, there are also some dilemmas about the consumers' willingness to pay a higher price of products that originate from welfare friendly rearing conditions.U ovom preglednom radu razmatraju se kontradikcije u modernoj stoÄarskoj proizvodnji kao dileme koje se odnose na dobrobit farmskih životinja. Glavna dilema odnosi se na pitanje da li je ekstenzivna proizvodnja na malim farmama generalno bolja od intenzivne proizvodnje na velikim farmama. SledeÄa dilema odnosi se na primenu intenzivne selekcije životinja i njen uticaj na nastanak problema dobrobiti. Naredna dilema se odnosi na dva glavna meÄusobno povezana problema dobrobiti svinja u pojedinaÄnim boksovima za praÅ”enje: uginuÄa prasadi gnjeÄenjem i ograniÄenje kretanja krmaÄa. TakoÄe, dilema u vezi sa dobrobiti je paradoks roditeljskih jata tovnih piliÄa koja se ne može reÅ”iti dok postoji pritisak za genetski napredak u proizvodnji zbog ekonomske efikasnosti. SledeÄi primer dileme je Å”iroko rasprostranjena praksa seÄenja repa kod prasadi kako bi se smanjio rizik od griže repova. Iako je seÄenje repa bolno i može prouzrokovati uginuÄe, anestezija se obiÄno ne primjenjuje na farmama. SliÄan primer dileme je i skraÄivanje kljuna kod kokoÅ”i nosilja i pojava kljucanja perja u sistemima slobodnog uzgoja. Važno je uoÄiti razliku izmeÄu opisanih dilema, gde je jedna premisa suprotstavljena drugoj, Å”to je u suÅ”tini konflikt izmeÄu ciljeva dobrobiti životinja i drugih aspekata, kao Å”to su ekonomska, etiÄka i moralna pitanja. KonaÄno, postoje i neke dileme koje se odnose na spremnost potroÅ”aÄa da plate viÅ”u cenu za proizvode koji su dobijeni u uslovima gajenja koji pospeÅ”uju dobrobit farmskih životinja
Otpornost na kontrolisani termalni stres i tolerancija na zamrzavanje spermatozoida dve grupe nerastova
The aim of this study was to find out is it possible to presume success of boars sperm cryopreservation, based on controlled exposure to heat stress and to investigate in vitro quality parameters of frozen/thawed sperm of previously selected 6 boars with good results (group 1) and 6 boars (group 2) with bad results on thermo resistance test (TT). In this investigation, ejaculates of 12 chosen of 75 AI boars (Landrace, Large White, Pietrain and Durock breeds) from SVC Velika Plana (Serbia) were used. Tolerance to heat stress was performed by Schaetz (1963) method. Ejaculates were extended with Androhep plus (1:1) and kept during 60 minutes on 41oC. In cryopreservation of boars semen Westendorf et al. (1975) method, modified by Bwanga et al. (1990). Very significant changes of progressive motility rate were observed after spermatozoa exposure to controlled thermal stress. High correlation coefficient of progressive motility rate of both groups of boars, but higher in group 2 for progressive motility rate after thawing and after heat stress treatment was established. Average progressive motility rate of all 12 boars did not differ before and after thawing. Presence of boars of all breeds represented in the SVC (Large White, Landrace, Duroc and Pietrain) in both quality groups confirms the assumption that suitability for cryopreservation of sperm is individual trait. According data analysis, sperm deep freezing success requires previous selection for potential donors, which have to be consider standard quality parameters testing and controlled stress exposure tests.Cilj rada je da se ustanovi da li moguÄe odrediti da li je sperma nerasta pogodna za krioprezervaciju da se na osnovu izlaganja spermatozioda kontrolisanom toplotnom stresu i da se ispitaju in vitro parametri kvaliteta odmrznutog semena dve grupe od po 6 nerastova Äije je seme dobro (1. grupa) ili loÅ”e podnelo toplotni stres (2. grupa). U istraživanju su koriÅ”Äeni ejakulati 12 od 75 nerastova rasa: landras, veliki jorkÅ”ir, pijetren i durok (L, J, P, D) iz SVC Velika Plana, odabranih na osnovu testa termorezistencije (TT) i svrstanih u dve kvalitetne grupe. Ispitivanje stepena termorezistencije ejakulata u razreÄenju Androhep-om plus 1:1 60 minuta na 41 oC, je izvedeno metodom po Schaetz-u (1963). Duboko zamrzavanje sperme odabranih nerastova izvedeno modifikovanim postupkom po Westendorf-u i sar. (1975) i Bwanga-i i sar. (1990). Rezultati TT ukazali su na vrlo znaÄajne promene progresivne pokretljivosti spermatozoida posle izlaganja kontrolisanom toplotnom stresu. Ustanovljen je visok koeficijent korelacije kod obe grupe ali ipak neÅ”to viÅ”i kod nerastova 2. grupe za odnos procenta progresivne pokretljivosti spermatozoida posle odmrzavanja i progresivne pokretljivosti posle izlaganja temperaturi od 41oC. ProseÄna progresivna pokretljivost spermatozoida svih ispitivanih nerastova se nije znaÄajno razlikovala pre i posle zamrzavanja. SluÄajni raspored nerastova svih rasa zastupljenih u SVC (JorkÅ”ir, Landras, Durok i Pijetren) u obe kvalitetne grupe potvrÄuje pretpostavku da je pogodnost sperme za krioprezervaciju individualna osobina. Za uspeÅ”nu krioprezervaciju sperme nerastova je neophodna prethodna selekcija potencijalnih donora na osnovu rezultata ispitivanja standardnih parametara kvaliteta i testova u kojima se spermatozoidi in vitro izlažu razliÄitim kontrolisanom stresu
Analiza primenjenih biosigurnosnih mera u proizvodnji sperme nerastova
This paper gives a detailed analysis of the applied biosecurity measures in the production of boar sperm at a swine reproduction center. Biosecurity indicators (existence of a written biosecurity plan, isolation, introduction of newly acquired animals into the herd, herd health, assessment of the personnel attitude towards equipment, traffic control, attitude towards visitors, feeding and watering control, manure management, disposal of dead animal carcasses, attitude towards other animals, rodents and birds control, sanitation) were viewed and evaluated by rating scale: (5) - excellent, (4) - very good, (3) - good, (2) - sufficient, (1) - insufficient, there are resources for improvement (0) - insufficient, with no resources for improvement. Obtained data were analyzed in the SWOT process, taking into account all the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities for improving the biosecurity level. The situation in the center is rated as very good, with an average rating of 4.15. However, one disadvantage is serious and related to the boar facilities isolation possibilities, taking into account their location and the presence of two types of male breeding animals (boars and bulls) in the same location. Newly acquired breeding animals are purchased from various sources, but with a rigorous regime of control and not at the same time.U radu je detaljno analizirana primena biosigurnosnih mera u proizvodnji sperme nerastova u jednom centru za veÅ”taÄko osemenjavanje svinja. Sagledani su i procenjeni svi indikatori biosigurnosti (postojanje pisanog plana biosigurnosti, izolacija, uvoÄenje novonabavljenih životinja u zapat, zdravstveni status zapata, ocena odnosa osoblja prema opremi, kontrola kretanja i prometa, odnos prema posetiocima, kontrola ishrane i vodosnabdevanja, izÄubravanje, uklanjanje leÅ”eva uginulih životinja, odnos prema drugim životinjama na farmi, kontrola populacija glodara i ptica, sanitacija), i ocenjeni prema skali ocena: (5) - odliÄan, (4) - vrlo dobar, (3) - dobar, (2) - dovoljan, (1) - nedovoljan, ima resursa za poboljÅ”anje, (0) nedovoljan, nema resursa za poboljÅ”anje. U razmatranju rezultata primenjena je SWOT analiza i utvrÄene prednosti, nedostaci, rizici i moguÄnosti za podizanje nivoa biosigurnosti. Stanje u centru je ocenjeno kao vrlo dobro, uz proseÄnu ocenu 4,15. MeÄutim, jedan nedostatak je veoma ozbiljan i odnosi se na moguÄnost izolacije objekata, uzimajuÄi u obzir njegovu lokaciju i prisustvo dve vrste muÅ”kih priplodnih životinja (nerastova i bikova) na istoj lokaciji. Nove priplodne životinje se nabavljaju iz razliÄitih izvora, ali uz rigorozan režim kontrole i ne u isto vreme. Svakako, izmeÅ”tanje objekata za držanje priplodnih nerastova na drugu bezbednu lokaciju predstavlja složen ali prioritetan zadatak, kojim bi se otklonile brojne pretnje po proizvodnju sperme
Energy metabolism indicators and body condition in peripartal period of alpine goats
The investigation was performed on two groups of primiparous and multiparous healthy dewormed Alpine dairy goats (25 each) during peripartal period. Blood samples were collected (jugular venipuncture) 10-15 days before and 10-15 and 30 days after the parturition into BD SST-II Advance (3.5 mL) and BD NaF 3.0 mg Na2EDTA 6.0 mg (2 mL) vacutainers, cooled and centrifuged (1500 r/min, 15 minutes and ā¤1300 r/min, 10 minutes, respectively). Glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and Ī²-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations in blood sera were determined using A15 automatic spectrophotometric analyzer (Biosystem, Spain). Simultaneously, body condition scoring (BCS) was performed by Villaquiran et al. (2007) method. The obtained data were analyzed by IBM SPSS statistics 21. The glucose concentration inclined to increase in both groups. Differences between glucose levels were significant (P<0.05) 15 days before and 15 days after, as well as 15 and 30 days after the parturition, and very significant (P<0.01) 15 days before and 30 days after the parturition. The BHBA blood levels significantly differed 15 days before and 30 days after and 15 and 30 days after the parturition (P<0.05). BHBA concentration peaked at week 2 postpartum, following the increase of NEFA, providing the substrate for BHBA synthesis. NEFA levels significantly (P<0.05) differed 15 days before and 15 days after the parturition. Goatsā BCS ranged from 2 to 4 and significantly depended on glucose (r=0.392; P<0.05) and BHBA (r=0.317; P<0.05) level 15 days before parturition. BCS 30 days postpartum very significantly depended on the glucose level (r=0.450; P<0.01), significantly higher than the concentration of BHBA (r=0.351; P<0.05) and NEFA concentration (r=-0.304; P<0.05). BCS 15 days before parturition did not depend on the NEFA concentration. Fifteen days after the parturition BCS did not statistically depend on the observed indicators. Obtained data suggest that knowledge of BCS and energy indicators levels may be very useful in research and practice in order to appreciate energy metabolism of pregnant and lactating dairy ruminants, particularly dairy goats. These data are poorly documented for goats, but they can reveal early pathological metabolic changes in transiting female goat organism, enabling successful prophylactic, as well as, therapeutic intervention
NajÄeÅ”Äi zdravstveni poremeÄaji i dobrobit muznih krava i teladi
Three farms of dairy cows (A, B and C) were observed for health disorders of dairy cows and suckling calves. Farm A is farm with tied system of rearing, with 1100 cows, while farms B and C have 400 and 600 cows kept loose with outdoor pens, respectively. Data regarding welfare criteria of dairy cows (health, feeding, housing and behaviour) were collected and analysed through Protocol of Welfare Quality (2009). Health disorders of dairy cows and suckling calves were collected and statistically analysed by chi-square test (X2 test). Welfare of all of three dairy farms were assessed as acceptable, meaning that provided welfare conditions meet the minimum requirements of animals. Principle of provision of good health was rated as acceptable (ā„20 points) on farm A, while on farms with loose system (B and C) overall health rated as excellent (ā„80 points). Occurrence rate of reproductive, locomotor, skin and claws disorders and digestive and systemic disorders of dairy cows and calves up to 4 months old were very different between three farms (A, B, C) with X2-values of 2901.71, 252.02, 204.08, 1152.31 and 184.23 respectively; Ī± lt 0.01). According presented data, it is obvious that the majority health problems were observed in tied system of rearing, on farm A, such as reproductive disorders and mastitis, as well as injuries and bad body score and lame cows. The most serious health problems of the calves were diarrhea and bronchopneumonia of different etiology.Tri farme muznih krava (A, B i C) su analizirane u pogledu zdravstvenih poremeÄaja i dobrobiti krava i teladi. Na farmi A je zastupljen vezani sistem držanja sa 1100 krava, dok se na farmama B i C sa 400 odnosno 600 grla, krave drže slobodno. Podaci o dobrobiti mleÄnih krava (zdravlje, ishrana, smeÅ”taj i ponaÅ”anje) su prikupljeni i analizirani primenom protokola za ocenu kvaliteta dobrobiti (Anon, 2009). PoremeÄaji zdravlja krava u laktaciji i teladi su prikupljeni i statistiÄki analizirani hi-kvadrat testom (X2 test). Dobrobit na sve tri mleÄnih farmi je ocenjena kao prihvatljiva jer zadovoljava minimalne zahteve životinja. Princip obezbeÄenja dobrog zdravlja je ocenjen kao prihvatljiv (ā„20 bodova) na farmi A, dok je na farmama sa slobodnim sistemom (B i C) ocenjen kao odliÄno (ā„80 poena). Pojava reproduktivnih, lokomotornih, digestivnih i sistemskih poremeÄaja mleÄnih krava i teladi do 4 meseca starosti se veoma razlikovala izmeÄu tri farme razliÄite veliÄine i sistema uzgoja, sa x2-vrednostima 2901,71, 252.02, 204.08 , 1152,31 i 184,23, redom (Ī± lt 0,01). Prema iznetim podacima, ÄeÅ”Äa pojava zdravstvenih problema je uoÄena u vezanom sistemu uzgoja, na farmi A, u pogledu reproduktivnih poremeÄaja, mastitisa, povreda, loÅ”e telesne kondicije i hromosti krava, kao i proliva i bronhopneumonija teladi razliÄite etiologije
Dropwort (Filipendula hexapetala Gilib.): potential role as antioxidant and antimicrobial agent
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of Filipendula hexapetala Gilib. aerial parts (FHA) and roots (FHR) and their potential in different model systems, as well as antimicrobial activity. According to this, a number of assays were employed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of F. hexapetala extracts. In addition, the antioxidant activity assays in different model systems were carried out, as well as pH, thermal and gastrointestinal stability studies. The phenolic compounds contents in FHA and FHR were also determined. The results showed that F. hexapetala extracts had considerable antioxidant activity in vitro and a great stability in different conditions. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against most of the tested bacterial and fungal species. Also, the extracts contain high level of phenolic compounds, especially aerial parts extract
Improvement of micropropagation protocol of Phalaenopsis sp. for the method of direct shoot regeneration from nodes of floral spikes
This paper succesfully investigated the possibility of modification of the micropropagation protocol of Phalaenopsis sp. with an aim to simplify the procedure and reduce the costs. The obtained results show that some medium components can be succesfully omitted (coconut water, glutamine, 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid) and some of them (peptone) can be replaced with a cheaper constituent (soy flour) while preserving the quality of the obtained microplants. The multiplication rate was 7,6 shoots per explant after the period of 150 days of cultivation in vitro. On the same medium 60% of explants were rooted and roots were mostly well developed
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