BIOLOGICAL CONTROL POTENTIAL OF AN APHIDOPHAGOUS PREDATORS, CANNIBALISM AND INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION

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Тhe Species of Superfamily Chalcidoidea – Parasites of Aphidophagous Hoverflies

The species of the family Syrphidae are one of the most important predators of the peach leaf aphids on tobacco. In the complex food chain, aphidophagous hoverflies are attacked by a wide range of parasites. During tobacco vegetation, in the Prilep area, we applied the following methods: survey of 20 tobacco stalks and survey of 100 tobacco leaves, in 10 days interval, 2003-2005. The prime material collected from the nature, further is cultivated and analysed under laboratory conditions. Parasited larva of Syrphidae, feeds with aphids and perform its bioregulatory role. Parasite species are activated after the larva of hoverflies is transformed into a puppet stage. They are feeding on tissues and organs of the hoverflies and destroy them. Were identified three parasite species from superfamily Chalcidoidea, eclosed from pupae of hoverflies: Pachyneuron grande (Pteromalidae), Pachyneuron cf. grande (Pteromalidae) and Syrphophagus aeruginosus (Encyrtidae). The most numerous is the parasitic specie P. grande. It was registered as a parasite on: Sphaerophoria scripta, Sphaerophoria rueppelli, Episyrphus balteatus, Scaeva pyrastri and Eupeodes corollae. P. cf. grande is a parasite on: S. scripta and S. rueppelli. S. aeruginosus is a parasite on: S. scripta, S. rueppelli, S. pyrastri and E. balteatus. The emergence of parasitic species depends on the occurrence of host-hoverflies, while the emergence and development of aphidophagous hoverflies depends on the occurrence of the peach leaf aphids on tobacco and climate conditions of the area. This study may contribute in strategies of biological control of plant pests and IPM implementation

Novi podaci o muhama pršilicama (Diptera: Syrphidae) u Makedoniji

After many years studying hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) throughout Macedonia we have compiled a list of 262 taxa from 69 genera. This comes from reviewing collections in the Macedonian Museum of Natural History – Skopje (SKO) and Department of Biology and Ecology – Novi Sad (DBE), and reviewing all references in the literature to Syrphidae in Macedonia. Thirty eight (38) taxa are now published for the first time in Macedonia: Chamaesyrphus escorialensis (Strobl, 1909), Cheilosia frontalis Loew, 1857, Cheilosia grisella (Becker, 1894), Cheilosia hypena Becker, 1894, Cheilosia melanura Becker, 1894 ssp. melanura sensu Vujić, 1996, Chrysotoxum intermedium Meigen, 1822, Criorhina pachymera Egger, 1858, Epistrophe grossulariae (Meigen, 1822), Eristalinus megacephalus (Rossi, 1794), Eristalis jugorum Egger, 1858, Eumerus argyropus Loew, 1848, Eumerus clavatus Becker, 1923, Eumerus sulcitibus Rondani, 1868, Eupeodes lapponicus (Zetterstedt, 1838), Eupeodes latifasciatus (Macquart, 1829), Ferdinandea ruficornis (Fabricius, 1775), Helophilus pendulus (Linnaeus, 1758), Mallota fuciformis (Fabricius, 1794), Megasyrphus erraticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Meligramma cingulata (Egger, 1860), Meligramma euchroma (Kowarz, 1885), Merodon nanus Sack, 1931, Microdon miki Doczkal et Schmid, 1999, Myolepta obscura Becher, 1882, Neoascia meticulosa (Scopoli, 1763), Orthonevra frontalis (Loew, 1843), Paragus albifrons (Fallen, 1817), Paragus constrictus Šimić, 1986, Parasyrphus punctulatus (Verrall, 1873), Parasyrphus vittiger (Zetterstedt, 1843), Pipizella annulata (Macquart, 1829), Pipizella speighti Verlinden, 1999, Riponnensia longicornis (Loew, 1843), Riponnensia morini Vujic, 1999, Sphegina clavata (Scopoli, 1763), Sphegina elegans Schummel, 1843, Spilomyia triangularis van Steenis, 2000, Temnostoma meridionale Krivosheina et Mamayev, 1962.Nakon višegodišnjih istraživanja faune muha pršilica (Diptera: Syrphidae) u Makedoniji je utvrđeno 262 taksona iz 69 rodova,a na osnovi pregledanih zbirki Prirodonaučnog muzeja Makedonije - Skopje (SKO) i Zavoda za biologiju i ekologiju - Novi Sad (DBE) te revizije svih literaturnih podataka koji su se odnosili na muhe pršilice s područja Makedonije. Trideset i osam taksona prvi put je utvrđeno za faunu Makedonije: Chamaesyrphus escorialensis (Strobl, 1909.), Cheilosia frontalis Loew, 185.7, Cheilosia grisella (Becker, 1894.), Cheilosia hypena Becker, 1894., Cheilosia melanura Becker, 1894. ssp. melanura sensu Vujić, 1996., Chrysotoxum intermedium Meigen, 1822., Criorhina pachymera Egger, 1858., Epistrophe grossulariae (Meigen, 1822.), Eristalinus megacephalus (Rossi, 1794.), Eristalis jugorum Egger, 1858., Eumerus argyropus Loew, 1848., Eumerus clavatus Becker, 1923., Eumerus sulcitibus Rondani, 1868., Eupeodes lapponicus (Zetterstedt, 1838.), Eupeodes latifasciatus (Macquart, 1829.), Ferdinandea ruficornis (Fabricius, 1775.), Helophilus pendulus (Linnaeus, 1758.), Mallota fuciformis (Fabricius, 1794.), Megasyrphus erraticus (Linnaeus, 1758.), Meligramma cingulata (Egger, 1860.), Meligramma euchroma (Kowarz, 1885.), Merodon nanus Sack, 1931., Microdon miki Doczkal et Schmid, 1999., Myolepta obscura Becher, 1882., Neoascia meticulosa (Scopoli, 1763.), Orthonevra frontalis (Loew, 1843.), Paragus albifrons (Fallen, 1817.), Paragus constrictus Šimić, 1986., Parasyrphus punctulatus (Verrall, 1873.), Parasyrphus vittiger (Zetterstedt, 1843.), Pipizella annulata (Macquart, 1829.), Pipizella speighti Verlinden, 1999., Riponnensia longicornis (Loew, 1843.), Riponnensia morini Vujic, 1999., Sphegina clavata (Scopoli, 1763.), Sphegina elegans Schummel, 1843., Spilomyia triangularis van Steenis, 2000., Temnostoma meridionale Krivosheina et Mamayev, 1962

HALYOMORPHA HALYS STÅL, 1855 (PENTATOMIDAE: HEMIPTERA) IN NORTH MACEDONIA

The invasive species Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB) H. halys is native for East Asia, and has been present in Europe since 2004. The first finding of the pest in North Macedonia was in 2018 (unpublished data), while the monitoring programme for this pest, supported by the company Socoterra, Bitola, started at 2020 and was carried out on 9 localities with pheromones for aggregation Pherocon – BMSB, Trécé.  According to the monitoring results based on caught adults, H. halys was well established in the urban area of Skopje and accidentally appeared in the urban part of Prilep in 2020 and Resen in 2022(western part of the NMK).  H. halys was also registered in the rural area nearby Skopje (v. Stajkovci) in 2020 and 2021, and close to Bitola (v. Alinci) in 2020. In 2022 the bug H. halys has shown higher level of spreading and was registered in v. Golemo Konjari near Prilep (western part) and v. Otosnica near Kriva Palanka (eastern part). The pest overwintered as an adult. Overwintered adults appeared at the end of April when they fed on different plants, copulated and laid eggs in May. The first larvae instar appears in the first decade of June. Larvae in different development stages were present until mid-September.  The adults of the new generation emerged at the beginning of August and stayed active until mid-October. In the researching period 2020-2022 there were registered damages on the persimmon and apple fruits, gathered from the orchard with mixed fruits in the locality Skopje-FASF

Novi podaci o muhama pršilicama (Diptera: Syrphidae) u Makedoniji

After many years studying hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) throughout Macedonia we have compiled a list of 262 taxa from 69 genera. This comes from reviewing collections in the Macedonian Museum of Natural History – Skopje (SKO) and Department of Biology and Ecology – Novi Sad (DBE), and reviewing all references in the literature to Syrphidae in Macedonia. Thirty eight (38) taxa are now published for the first time in Macedonia: Chamaesyrphus escorialensis (Strobl, 1909), Cheilosia frontalis Loew, 1857, Cheilosia grisella (Becker, 1894), Cheilosia hypena Becker, 1894, Cheilosia melanura Becker, 1894 ssp. melanura sensu Vujić, 1996, Chrysotoxum intermedium Meigen, 1822, Criorhina pachymera Egger, 1858, Epistrophe grossulariae (Meigen, 1822), Eristalinus megacephalus (Rossi, 1794), Eristalis jugorum Egger, 1858, Eumerus argyropus Loew, 1848, Eumerus clavatus Becker, 1923, Eumerus sulcitibus Rondani, 1868, Eupeodes lapponicus (Zetterstedt, 1838), Eupeodes latifasciatus (Macquart, 1829), Ferdinandea ruficornis (Fabricius, 1775), Helophilus pendulus (Linnaeus, 1758), Mallota fuciformis (Fabricius, 1794), Megasyrphus erraticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Meligramma cingulata (Egger, 1860), Meligramma euchroma (Kowarz, 1885), Merodon nanus Sack, 1931, Microdon miki Doczkal et Schmid, 1999, Myolepta obscura Becher, 1882, Neoascia meticulosa (Scopoli, 1763), Orthonevra frontalis (Loew, 1843), Paragus albifrons (Fallen, 1817), Paragus constrictus Šimić, 1986, Parasyrphus punctulatus (Verrall, 1873), Parasyrphus vittiger (Zetterstedt, 1843), Pipizella annulata (Macquart, 1829), Pipizella speighti Verlinden, 1999, Riponnensia longicornis (Loew, 1843), Riponnensia morini Vujic, 1999, Sphegina clavata (Scopoli, 1763), Sphegina elegans Schummel, 1843, Spilomyia triangularis van Steenis, 2000, Temnostoma meridionale Krivosheina et Mamayev, 1962.Nakon višegodišnjih istraživanja faune muha pršilica (Diptera: Syrphidae) u Makedoniji je utvrđeno 262 taksona iz 69 rodova,a na osnovi pregledanih zbirki Prirodonaučnog muzeja Makedonije - Skopje (SKO) i Zavoda za biologiju i ekologiju - Novi Sad (DBE) te revizije svih literaturnih podataka koji su se odnosili na muhe pršilice s područja Makedonije. Trideset i osam taksona prvi put je utvrđeno za faunu Makedonije: Chamaesyrphus escorialensis (Strobl, 1909.), Cheilosia frontalis Loew, 185.7, Cheilosia grisella (Becker, 1894.), Cheilosia hypena Becker, 1894., Cheilosia melanura Becker, 1894. ssp. melanura sensu Vujić, 1996., Chrysotoxum intermedium Meigen, 1822., Criorhina pachymera Egger, 1858., Epistrophe grossulariae (Meigen, 1822.), Eristalinus megacephalus (Rossi, 1794.), Eristalis jugorum Egger, 1858., Eumerus argyropus Loew, 1848., Eumerus clavatus Becker, 1923., Eumerus sulcitibus Rondani, 1868., Eupeodes lapponicus (Zetterstedt, 1838.), Eupeodes latifasciatus (Macquart, 1829.), Ferdinandea ruficornis (Fabricius, 1775.), Helophilus pendulus (Linnaeus, 1758.), Mallota fuciformis (Fabricius, 1794.), Megasyrphus erraticus (Linnaeus, 1758.), Meligramma cingulata (Egger, 1860.), Meligramma euchroma (Kowarz, 1885.), Merodon nanus Sack, 1931., Microdon miki Doczkal et Schmid, 1999., Myolepta obscura Becher, 1882., Neoascia meticulosa (Scopoli, 1763.), Orthonevra frontalis (Loew, 1843.), Paragus albifrons (Fallen, 1817.), Paragus constrictus Šimić, 1986., Parasyrphus punctulatus (Verrall, 1873.), Parasyrphus vittiger (Zetterstedt, 1843.), Pipizella annulata (Macquart, 1829.), Pipizella speighti Verlinden, 1999., Riponnensia longicornis (Loew, 1843.), Riponnensia morini Vujic, 1999., Sphegina clavata (Scopoli, 1763.), Sphegina elegans Schummel, 1843., Spilomyia triangularis van Steenis, 2000., Temnostoma meridionale Krivosheina et Mamayev, 1962

Doprinos poznavanju faune porodice ljiljaka (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) u Republici Sjevernoj Makedoniji

Analysis of literature data, data from entomological collections in the Museum of Natural History (SKO), Nikola Nezlobinski Museum in Struga (NNS), the Scientific Tobacco Institute in Prilep (STP) and the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food in Skopje (FASF) and our research,showed that the family Sphingidae is well investigated in the Republic of North Macedonia, and represented by 25 species, or 62.5% of the European fauna. The subfamily Macroglossinae is represented by 10 genera and 17 species, the subfamily Smerinthinae is represented by 4 genera and 4 species and the subfamily Sphinginae is represented by 4 genera and 4 species. Three species are reported for the first time for the fauna of North Macedonia: Hyles gallii (Rottemburg 1775), Hyles nicaea (de Pruner 1798) and Hyloicus pinastri Linnaeus, 1758.Analizom literaturnih podataka, podataka iz zbirki Prirodoslovnog muzeja u Skoplju (SKO), Muzeja Nikola Nezlobinski u Strugi (NNS), Znanstvenog duhanskog instituta u Prilepu (STP), Fakulteta za poljoprivredu i hranu u Skoplju (FASF) te vlastitim terenskim istraživanjima, utvrđeno je da je porodica Sphingidae dobro istražena i da je za područje Republike Sjeverna Makedonija utvrđeno 25 vrsta, 62,5% europske faune. Potporodica Macroglossinae zastupljena je s 10 rodova i 17 vrsta, potporodica Smerinthinae s 4 roda i 4 vrste i potporodica Sphinginae s 3 roda i 4 vrste. Pregledom zbirki tri vrste utvrđene su kao nove za faunu Makedonije: Hyles gallii (Rottemburg 1775), Hyles nicaea (de Pruner 1798) i Hyloicus pinastri Linnaeus, 1758

Dynamics of populations of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in the Republic of North Macedonia during the period 2007-2017

This study presents results for the dynamic of the populations of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) during the period 2007-2017 and the impact of reducing factors in the Repub-lic of North Macedonia. The population density was determined by the number of larval nests both per tree and per hectare that varied during the research period. The number of individuals went up between 2007 and 2010, while during the following years it rapidly decreased. Since 2011, an overall prograding trend has been recorded in the several subsequent years. This could be explained by the huge number of individuals from the previous years that were in a diapause. The abundance of pest populations continued to grow in 2016 as no measures were taken. During the winter of 2016/2017, the impact of the extremely low temperatures on pest mortality was monitored in 2016-2017 generation. The density of the populations came to latency due to the very large number of dead larvae of second and third larval stages. We recorded a 100% mortality of larvae in plantations of Pinus nigra in the regions near Prilep, Sveti Nikole, Shtip, Kochani and Negotino Villages.