Stereochemistry of volatiles–the status and perspectives

Stereochemistry is an important subject in various areas of fundamental chemistry, chemical-producing industries, medicine, and life in general. A huge effort has been undertaken over the last century to analyze and synthesize complex natural and synthetic compounds [1].Optically pure plant-derived low-molecular compounds are important raw materials for the development of potential new products for the flavor and fragrance (F & F) industry [2,3]. Nowadays, studies towards innovations in the F & F field are focused not only on one new molecule but preferably on the whole process related to that molecule’s production. Modern approaches in optically pure compound preparation involve the use of enzymes, whole-cell native and bioengineered microorganisms instead of toxic chemical catalysts, maximal atomic economy over the synthetic route, and a shift from batch to flow processes.This presentation will provide a brief overview of modern “green” approaches in the F & F field with emphasis on the stereochemical processes involved in F & F development.

Microbial growth inhibition by oximes derived from natural volatile carbonyl compounds

Drug resistance rates in healthcare and community systems are induced by some bacterial and fungal pathogens. The answer to the challenge of antimicrobial resistance is searching for new alternatives to antibiotics.                The aim of our work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of low-molecular oximes, which have not been extensively studied with regard to this issue. Fifty-three oximes were screened in vitro for their growth inhibitory activity against seven strains of microorganisms: Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Enterococcus hirae (ATCC 10541), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), Legionella pneumophila (ATCC 33152), Aspergillus brasiliensis (ATCC 16404), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The growth inhibition of microorganisms was tested using the paper disc diffusion method. Three antibiotics, netilmicin, fluconazole, and ofloxacin, were used as reference controls for the tested microorganisms. The oximes’ antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring the diameters of the inhibitory zones. Oximes of trans-cinnamaldehyde, propiophenone, (±)-citronellal, and piperitone showed strong antifungal activity, while the oximes of α-hexyl cinnamaldehyde, hydroxycinnamaldehyde, α-isomethyl ionone, pseudoionone, (-)-fenchone, and (+)-fenchone oximes showed strong antibacterial activity

Correction: Surowiak, A.K.; Lochyński, S.; Strub, D.J. Unsubstituted Oximes as Potential Therapeutic Agents. Symmetry 2020, 12, 575

Oximes, which are highly bioactive molecules, have versatile uses in the medical sector and have been indicated to possess biological activity. Certain oximes exist in nature in plants and animals, but they are also obtained by chemical synthesis. Oximes are known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Moreover, they are therapeutic agents against organophosphate (OP) poisoning. Two oximes are already commonly used in therapy. Due to these abilities, new oxime compounds have been synthesized, and their biological activity has been verified. Often, modification of carbonyl compounds into oximes leads to increased activity. Nevertheless, in some cases, oxime activity is connected to the activity of the substrate. Recent works have revealed that new oxime compounds can demonstrate such functions and thus are considered to be potential drugs for pathogenic diseases, as adjuvant therapy in various types of cancer and inflammation and as potential next-generation drugs against OP poisoning