Optimal SAT solver synthesis of quantum circuits representing cryptographic nonlinear functions

In this article we present a procedure that allowsto synthesize optimal circuit representing any reversible functionwithin reasonable size limits. The procedure allows to chooseeither theNCTor theMCTgate set and specify any number ofancillary qubits to be used in the circuit. We will explore efficacyof this procedure by synthesizing various sources of nonlinearityused in contemporary symmetric ciphers and draw conclusionsabout properties of those transformations in quantum setting. Inparticular we will try to synthesize optimal circuit representingASCON cipher SBOX which recently won NIST competition forLightweight Cryptography standard

Optimal SAT solver synthesis of quantum circuits representing cryptographic nonlinear functions

In this article we present a procedure that allowsto synthesize optimal circuit representing any reversible functionwithin reasonable size limits. The procedure allows to chooseeither theNCTor theMCTgate set and specify any number ofancillary qubits to be used in the circuit. We will explore efficacyof this procedure by synthesizing various sources of nonlinearityused in contemporary symmetric ciphers and draw conclusionsabout properties of those transformations in quantum setting. Inparticular we will try to synthesize optimal circuit representingASCON cipher SBOX which recently won NIST competition forLightweight Cryptography standard

Complete synthesis of identity templates: for quantum and reversible logic MCT circuits using SAT-solvers and proposal of suboptimality witness notion

In this study, we introduce a procedural generation technique for Identity Templates applicable to quantum and reversible logic circuits. These templates are recognized for their significant role in enhancing the efficiency of quantum and reversible logic optimization. Our approach enables the exhaustive synthesis of all potential templates up to a specified size. Leveraging the power of SAT-solver technology, we have verified the comprehensiveness of our template collections by confirming the full exploration of the search space. Additionally, we propose an innovative concept of Suboptimality Witnesses, which we anticipate will be instrumental in streamlining the search process in formal methods, akin to SAT-solvers, for the synthesis of reversible logic circuits

Investigation of off-design characteristics of solid oxide electrolyser (SOE) operated in endothermic conditions

One of the key issues in the energy production sector worldwide is the efficient way to storage energy. Currently- more and more attention is focused on Power-to-Gas (P2G) installations- where excess electric power from the grid or various renewable energy sources is used to produce different kind of fuels- such as hydrogen. In such cases- generated fuels are treated as energy carriers which- in contrast to electricity- can be easy stored and transported. Currently- high temperature electrolysers- based solid oxide cells (SOC)- are treated as an interesting alternative for P2G systems. Solid oxide electrolysers (SOE) are characterized as highly efficient (~90%) and long-term stable technologies- which can be coupled with stationary power plants. In the current work- the solid oxide cell stack was operated in electrolysis mode in the endothermic conditions. Based on the gathered experimental data- the numerical model of the SOC stack was created and validated. The prepared and calibrated model was used for generation of stack performance maps for different operating conditions. The results allowed to determine optimal working conditions for the tested stack in the electrolysis mode- thus reducing potential costs of expensive experimental analysis and test campaigns

Impact of Sweep Gas on the Degradation of an La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.8Fe_0.8O₃ Anode in a Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell

The degradation of solid oxide electrolysis (SOE) cells with different anode sweep gases was studied in 1000 h-long measurements in order to investigate the impact of sweep gas composition on cell performance. Cathode-supported electrolysis cells with an La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 air electrode (active area of 4 × 4 cm2) were tested under a constant current (−0.25 A/cm2) in the electrolysis mode while supplying the cathode side with 70% H2O–30% H2 mixtures at 800 °C and using oxygen, nitrogen, and steam as sweep gases. It was demonstrated that the degradation of the anode in steam conditions resulted in more than a 2-fold increase in both, polarization and ohmic resistance (from 0.20–0.25 to 0.6–0.65 Ω cm2 compared to relatively stable values of 0.15–0.2 Ω cm2 for N2), as a consequence of the phase decomposition. Strontium played an important role in steam-induced degradation, migrating from the volume of the electrode layer to the surface of the electrolyte. As a result, the Sr-enriched layer demonstrated susceptibility to Cr poisoning. The cell purged with N2 demonstrated enhanced performance, while the use of oxygen led to degradation originating from the well-described delamination process. DRT analysis demonstrated some similarity of the spectra for steam and N2, namely the presence of a slow process at τ≈0.5 s, which might be associated with hindered oxygen transport due to point defect association in the perovskite structure. The results of this study showed that Sr-containing materials likely cannot be used as an SOE anode in high humidity conditions

Utilization of subcutaneous cardioverter-defibrillator in Poland and Europe : comparison of the results of multi-center registries

The implantation of a subcutaneous cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) may be used instead of a traditional transvenous system to prevent sudden cardiac death. Our aim was to compare the characteristics of S-ICD patients from the multi-center registry of S-ICD implantations in Poland with the published results of the European Snapshot Survey on S-ICD Implantation (ESSS-SICDI). We compared data of 137 Polish S-ICD patients with 68 patients from the ESSS-SICDI registry. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of sex, prevalence of ischemic cardiomyopathy, concomitant diseases, and the rate of primary prevention indication. Polish patients had more advanced heart failure (New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III: 11.7% vs. 2.9%, NYHA II: 48.9% vs. 29.4%, NYHA I: 39.4% vs. 67.7%, p < 0.05 each). Young age (75.9% vs. 50%, p < 0.05) and no vascular access (7.3% vs. 0%, p < 0.05) were more often indications for S-ICD. The percentage of patients after transvenous system removal due to infections was significantly higher in the Polish group (11% vs. 1.5%, p < 0.05). In the European population, S-ICD was more frequently chosen because of patients’ active lifestyle and patients’ preference (both 10.3% vs. 0%, p < 0.05). Our analysis shows that in Poland, compared to other European countries, subcutaneous cardioverters-defibrillators are being implanted in patients at a more advanced stage of chronic heart failure. The most frequent reason for choosing a subcutaneous system instead of a transvenous ICD is the young age of a patient

Kontrola Państwowa

Kontrola Pafstwowa" is the only scientific publication in Poland dedicated to state auditing and related areas. lt also publishes legal, economic and financial analyses referring to the areas where the Supreme Audit Office ol Poland conducts its audits. Therefore, it is a forum where persons representing various scientilic fields can present their opinions. Furthermore, our bimonthly discussed NIK's international activities and its cooperation with Supreme Audit lnstitutions of other states worldwide