Rendgenološka analiza mitralne insuficijencije pasa u Hrvatskoj.

A sample of 317 dogs with radiologically diagnosed acquired heart diseases was studied. Of the above number, 225 (70.98%) had mitral insufficiency, 54 (17.03%) had dilation cardiomyopathy, 28 (8.83%) had cor pulmonale, 5 (1.58%) had pericarditis, 3 (0.95%) had arterial stenosis, and 2 (0.63%) had stenosis of the pulmonary artery. Mitral insufficiency is among the most frequent of acquired heart diseases. A strong predisposition to this disease among small- and medium-size breeds of dogs was observed. Thus, mitral insufficiency was diagnosed in 211 out of 238 dogs belonging to those breeds (88.66%), and only in 14 out of 79 of large breeds (17.72%). In the small- and medium-sized breed group the incidence was higher among males; (58.77% of males and 41.23% of females, respectively). Also, males show a tendency to develop more severe grades of the disease than females.Na uzorku od 317 pasa rendgenološki su dijagnosticirane različite stečene bolesti srca. Mitralna insuficijencija dijagnosticirana je u 225 (70,89%) pasa, u 54 (17,03%) psa dijagnosticirana je dilatacijska kardiomiopatija, u 28 pasa (8,83%) cor pulmonale, perikarditis u 5 pasa (1,58%), stenoza aorte u 3 psa (0,95%) i stenoza arterije pulmonalis u 2 psa (0,63%). Najučestalija stečena bolest srca bila je mitralna insuficijencija. Od ove bolesti češće su oboljevali psi malih i srednje velikih pasmina. Mitralna insuficijencija dijagnosticirana je u 211 pasa (88,66%) od ukupno 238 malih i srednje velikih pasmina pasa i u 14 (17,72%) od ukupno 79 velikih pasmina. U skupini malih i srednje velikih pasmina učestalost je veća u mužjaka, 124 (58,77%) psa, u odnosu na 87 ženki (41,23%). Analizirajući učestalost prema stupnju težine bolesti i spolu mitralna insuficijencija ne samo da je učestalija u mužjaka već oni obolijevaju i od težeg stupnja bolesti

Mnemonic evaluation of osteosynthesis in dogs and cats

Koštani sustav životinja jest čvrsti dio lokomotornog sustava te sa skeletnim mišićjem sudjeluje u kretanju organizma i pruža zaštitu središnjem živčanom sustavu. S obzirom na to da je koštani sustav izložen raznim mehaničkim silama, često dolazi do ozljeda koje rezultiraju prekidom kontinuiteta kosti ili hrskavice, odnosno lomom. Većina tih ozljeda zahtijeva operacijsko liječenje odnosno osteosintezu. Rendgensko snimanje mjesta prijeloma treba napraviti prije operacije, odmah nakon operacije te u redovitim vremenskim razmacima poslije operacije kako bi se nadziralo stanje i napredak pacijenta te na vrijeme reagiralo ako cijeljenje kosti izostane ili bude usporeno. Za analizu i praćenje cijeljenja prijeloma nakon osteosinteze te uspješnosti osteosinteze primjenjuje se 4A metoda kojom promatramo sljedeće čimbenike: poravnavanje fragmenata (Alignment), apozicija fragmenata (Apposition), stanje implantata (Apparatus) i aktivnost kosti (Activity). U ovom je radu opisana 4A mnemonička procjena osteosinteze u nekoliko kliničkih slučajeva.The skeletal system of animals is the solid part of the locomotory system and together with the skeletal muscles, it participates in the movement of the organism and provides protection to the central nervous system. Due to the fact that the skeletal system is exposed to various mechanical forces, injuries often occur which result in breaking of the continuity of bone or cartilage, i.e. fractures. Most of these injuries require treatment or osteosynthesis. Radiology of the fracture should be performed before surgery, immediately after, and at regular intervals after surgery, in order to properly monitor the patient\u27s condition and progress and to promptly respond promptly if bone healing is not progressing or has slowed down. For analysis and monitoring of fracture healing after osteosynthesis and the success of osteosynthesis, the 4A method is used to observe the following factors: Aligment, Fragment Apposition, Apparatus, and Activity. This paper describes a 4A mnemonic evaluation of osteosynthesis through several case study examples

Magnetska rezonancija kao dio šireg pristupa dijagnostici epileptičnog napadaja u pasa - dva slučaja hidrocefalusa u pasa s višestrukim epileptičnim napadajima

This paper describes two cases of hydrocephalus in dog. Both dogs were presented at the Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, after having experienced cluster seizures and status epilepticus, respectively. In each dog physical and neurological examination was performed, revealing no abnormalities. Complete laboratory workup and urinalysis were included for each dog and all results were within reference range. Both dogs underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and through this procedure a diagnosis of hydrocephalus was established. Anticonvulsive therapy and therapy against increased intracranial pressure was introduced in both dogs. Treatment resulted in marked clinical improvement.U radu su prikazana dva slučaja hidrocefalusa u pasa. Psi su dovedeni na Kliniku za unutarnje bolesti Veterinarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu nakon epileptičnih napadaja koji su se javljali u nizu, tj. kao status epilepticus. Oba su psa bila podvrgnuta općoj kliničkoj pretrazi te neurološkom pregledu prilikom kojih nisu otkrivena odstupanja od normale. Sve hematološke i biokemijske vrijednosti te nalazi analize mokraće nalazili su se unutar referentnih vrijednosti. U oba je psa provedena magnetska rezonancija kojom je postavljena dijagnoza hidrocefalusa. Pacijenti su podvrgnuti antikonvulzivnoj terapiji te terapiji za smanjenje intrakranijalnog tlaka, nakon čega je uslijedilo znatno kliničko poboljšanje

Patogenost trakavice Atractolytocestus huronensis za šarana (Cyprinus carpio L.) iz uzgoja.

This study presents data on the pathogenic effect of a non-native cestode, Atractolytocestus huronensis (Caryophyllidea), on common carp cultured at a fish farm in Croatia. Histopathological examination revealed that A. huronensis causes only local damage within the infected part of the intestine. No differences were observed in the pathological effect of the tapeworm on fish of different age classes. In the farm studied, no mortalities or increased losses during wintertime were observed. The cestode was found in all examined age classes (i.e. carp fry, one-year old and two-year old carp), and the intensity of infection ranged from 1 to 183 parasites per fish (mostly 4 to 9). The highest prevalence was observed during August in both one- and two-year old carp, with an absence of parasites in April and during the winter period (end of December).U radu je prikazan patološki učinak trakavice Atractolytocestus huronensis (Caryophyllidea) na šarana, podrijetlom s ribnjačarstva smještenog u Republici Hrvatskoj. Histopatološki nalaz pokazao je da, neovisno o uzrasnoj skupini šarana, Atractolytocestus huronensis uzrokuje samo ograničena oštećenja na mjestu prihvaćanja. Kao posljedica nametničke invazije, nisu utvrđena uginuća niti povećani gubitci tijekom zime. Prisutnost trakavice utvrđena je u svim pregledanim uzrasnim skupinama (mladunci, jednogodišnji i dvogodišnji mlađ) s jačinom invazije od 1 do 183 nametnika po domaćinu (najčešće od 4 do 9). Najviša prevalencija kod jednogodišnjega i dvogodišnjega mlađa utvrđena je u kolovozu, dok u travnju i tijekom zime (kraj prosinca) trakavica nije pronađena

Contrast agents in veterinary radiology

Kontrastna sredstva su kemijski spojevi koji omogućuju bolju rendgensku vizualizaciju unutarnjih organa životinjskog organizma. Razvojem znanosti sintetizirana su sigurnija i učinkovitija kontrasta sredstva, međutim neželjene reakcije nisu u potpunosti uklonjene. Stoga je važno da kliničar koji daje kontrastna sredstva bude dobro upoznat s njihovim karakteristikama, indikacijama i mogućim neželjenim reakcijama. Kontrastno sredstvo i aplicirana doza određuju se individualno za svakog pacijenta na temelju kliničke slike, dobi i životinjske vrste.Contrast agents are chemical compounds that allow better visualization of the inside of the animal’s organism. Chemical changes to the original structures have resulted in the synthesis of safer and more effective contrasts, however adverse reactions have not been eliminated. Therefore it is important for the person who administers contrast agents to be intimately familiar with their characteristics, indications, and potential side effects. The use of contrast agents is determined on an individual basis according to the clinical symptoms, age and type of patient

Opis deformacija glave šarana (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758).

Head deformities in cultured fish reduce their growth rate and survival, as well as degrading their external morphology, all of which can lead to considerable economic losses. While spinal deformities in cultured common carp have been analyzed in detail, relatively little is known about the prevalence, types or causes of head deformities. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of head bone deformities in 52 common carp, aged 2 years old, with spinal disorders from a farm in Croatia. Deformities were detected by clinical analysis, followed by detailed bone analysis, using X-rays and stereomicroscopy. Of the 52 fish, 8 (15.4 %) were found to have head deformities. Most deformities were bilateral and primarily affected the jaw arch and opercular string bone. Genetics and mechanical stress are proposed as possible causes of these deformities.Deformacije glave u uzgajanih riba smanjuju njihov rast i preživljavanje te narušavaju vanjski izgled što dovodi do znatnih ekonomskih gubitaka. Deformacije kralježnice uzgajanog šarana istražene su vrlo detaljno dok se o učestalosti, vrsti ili uzrocima deformacija glave malo zna. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi prevalenciju deformacija glave u 52 dvogodišnja šarana s jednog ribnjačarstva u Hrvatskoj kojima su utvrđene deformacije kralježnice. Deformacije su otkrivene kliničkim pregledom te istražene rendgenološki i uz pomoć lupe. Od 52 šarana 8 (15,4 %) ih je imalo i deformacije glave. Većina deformacija je bilateralna, a najčešće su bile zahvaćene kosti čeljusnog luka i operkularnog niza. Genetska predispozicija i mehaničko djelovanje navedeni su kao mogući uzroci utvrđenih promjena

Učestalost displazije kuka pasa u Hrvatskoj na temelju rengenološke pretrage.

The subject of this study was to detect the prevalence of hip dysplasia according to official radiographic screening between 2001 and 2009. The overall number of dogs tested for HD was 5381, belonging to 137 breeds. In 2001 the number of dogs evaluated was 403, and in 2009 this number rose to 856, which is an increase of 212.40%. In 2001 the number of breeds evaluated was 48, and in 2007 this number rose to 79 breeds, which is an increase of 164.58%. In the overall sample there were 2125 (39.5%) males and 3256 (60.5%) females. The mean age was around 24 months. According to the FCI scale, C, D and E grades are interpreted as dysplastic hips. In our sample 4372 (81.25% ) dogs were found to be free of dysplasia (A, B), while HD was found in 1009 (18.75%) dogs. In the period between 2001 and 2009 there was a visible trend of a reduction in the number of dogs with dysplasia. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between 2001 on the one hand and 2005 and 2006 on the other. In 2001 there were 27.79% of dogs with dysplasia, while in 2005 this number fell to 14.81% and in 2006 to 14.51%. There was no statistical significance in the prevalence of HD in males and in females (P=0.20). The difference in age, however, was significant, and dogs with dysplasia were older on average (P<0.05). The results of our study show that the programme of selection on the basis of radiography of hips should be continued in order to improve the quality of purebred dog breeds in Croatia.Predmet ovog istraživanja bio je ustanoviti prevalenciju displazije kukova na temelju službenih rengenoloških pretraga između 2001. i 2009. godine. Ukupan broj pregledanih pasa na displaziju kukova bio je 5381, 137 različitih pasmina. Godine 2001. bila su ocijenjena 403 psa, a 2009. broj se povećao na 856, što je povećanje od 212,40%. Godine 2001. bilo je ocjenjivano 48 pasmina, a 2007. broj pasmina se povećao na 79, što je povećanje od 164,58%. U ukupnom uzorku bilo je 2125 mužjaka (39,5%) i 3256 ženki (60,5%). Srednja dob je bila oko 24 mjeseca. Prema FCI skali C, D i E stupnjevi smatraju se displastičnim kukovima. U našem uzorku 4372 (81,25%) psa nisu imala displaziju (A,B), dok je displazija kukova bila dijagnosticirana u 1009 (18,75%) pasa. U razdoblju između 2001. i 2009. godine vidljivo je kretanje pada broja pasa s displazijom. Postoji statistički značajna razlika (P<0,05) između 2001. godine s jedne strane, i 2005. i 2006. godine s druge strane. Godine 2001. bilo je 27,79% pasa s displazijom, dok se 2005. taj broj smanjio na 14,81% te 2006. na 14,51%. Ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u prevalenciji displazije kukova u mužjaka i ženki (P=0,20). Razlika u dobi je, međutim, značajna te su psi s displazijom u prosjeku starije dobi (P<0,05). Rezultati našeg istraživanja pokazuju da program selekcije na temelju rengenološkoga snimanja kukova treba nastaviti da bi se poboljšala kvaliteta čistokrvnih pasmina pasa u Hrvatskoj

Rezultati rendgenološkog praćenja displazije kukova u pasmine tornjak

The aim of this retrospective study was to show the prevalence of hip dysplasia (HD) in the indigenous dog breed Bosnian and Herzegovinian - Croatian Shepherd Dog (Tornjak) in the period from 2001 to 2016. A total of 735 radiographs were evaluated according to the FCI protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 13.5.0.17. (TIBCO Software Inc.) software. Significant differences between categorical variables were analysed using the Chi-square test. The median value of age of examined dogs was 18 (13.8-26.0) months, with majority of dogs (523) under 24 months. In the overall examined population 74.97% of hip radiographs were interpreted as healthy (grades A and B) and 25.03% were interpreted as dysplastic (grades C, D and E). In dogs under 24 months of age, the most common age for HD survey, 76.86 % was interpreted as healthy and 23.14% as dysplastic. Comparing the frequency of diagnosed HD according to the breeding licence during the 15 years period there was a statistically significant increase in dogs with HD grades A, B, C, D and a decrease in dogs with grade HD E restricted for further breeding (P<0.05). Comparison of frequency according to the FCI standards (AB vs. CDE) showed no significant difference. The present study shows that the prevalence of HD was reduced over the 15 year period in Tornjak breed.Cilj ovog retrospektivnog istraživanja bio je pokazati prevalenciju displazije kuka (HD) u autohtonie pasmine pasa tornjak u razdoblju od 2001. do 2016. Ukupno je 735 rendgenograma procijenjeno prema FCI protokolu. Statistička analiza provedena je pomoću programa Statistice 13.5.0.17. (TIBCO Software Inc.) Znakovite razlike između kategorija analizirane su pomoću Hi-kvadrat testa. Medijan vrijednosti dobi pregledanih pasa bio je 18 (13,8-26,0) mjeseci, a većina pasa (523) mlađa od 24 mjeseca. U ukupnoj ispitanoj populaciji 74,97% rendgenograma kukova protumačeno je kao zdravo (stupnjevi A i B), a 25,03% kao displastično (stupnjevi C, D i E). U pasa mlađih od 24 mjeseca, što je najčešća dob za pretragu na displaziju, 76,86% protumačeno je kao zdravo, a 23,14% kao displastično. Uspoređujući učestalost dijagnosticirane HD prema uzojnojj dozvoli tijekom 15-godišnjeg razdoblja, zabilježen je statistički znakovit porast pasa s HD ocjenama A, B, C, D i smanjenje pasa s ocjenom HD E ograničeno za daljnji uzgoj (P < 0,05). Usporedba učestalosti prema FCI standardima (AB naspram CDE) nije pokazala znakovitu razliku. Ukupni rezultat pokazuje smanjenje težeg HD stupnja (D, E) među ispitivanom populacijom

Zaraštanje hrskavice i subhondralnog koštanog tkiva nakon trohleoplastike u psa.

Trochleoplasty or sulcoplasty has always played a prominent role in the radical methods of sanation of patellar dislocation. The results of 20 operated dogs were considered. Two groups of experimental animals were operated on, one by rescission trochleoplasty and the second by abrasive trochleoplasty. Clinical, radiological, pathomorphological and histological findings were studied. Although rescission trochleoplasty produces a physiologically closer result to the preoperative cartilage, abrasive trochleoplasty is a much simpler technique to perform and is biomechanically a more efficient method in conceiving the stability of the stifle joint in the radical treatment of patella ectopy.Među metodama radikalne sanacije dislokacije patele, trohleoplastika je uvijek zauzimala istaknuto mjesto. U obzir su uzeti rezultati 20 operiranih pasa. Operirane su dvije skupine eksperimentalnih pasa: skupina A abrazijskom trohleoplastikom, a skupina B resekcijskom. Proučeni su klinički, radiološki, patomorfološki i histološki nalazi. Iako resekcijska trohleoplastika daje rezultat bliži preoperativnoj zglobnoj hrskavici, abrazijska trohleoplastika je znatno jednostavnija metoda, a biomehanički zadovoljava stabilnošću koljena nakon radikalne sanacije ektopije patele

Animal Assisted Therapy and Perception of Loneliness in Geriatric Nursing Home Residents

Use of animals for therapeutic purposes, animal assisted therapy or AAT is a method for improving quality of life for long-term inpatients. The object of this paper was to evaluate dog companionship as a form of AAT and its effects on per- ception of loneliness in geriatric nursing home residents. The participants were involved in a six-month program of dog companionship three times weekly for 90 minutes. There were 21 residents included in the program, with a mean age of 80 years. Loneliness was measured by the short version of the UCLA Scale of loneliness. Comparison of test results before and after participation in the program showed that dog companionship reduces the perception of loneliness