11 research outputs found
Social work education in Aotearoa/New Zealand and Australia
Aotearoa/New Zealand and Australia have unique histories which have strongly shaped the development of social work education within their settings. This chapter explores the commonalities and differences of each country in relation to the development of the profession and the provision of social work education. Particular emphasis is placed upon the role of Aotearoa/New Zealand’s bicultural status and Australia’s incorporation of indigeneity in the shaping of the delivery and curricula within social work education. This chapter also explores how social work education in the South Pacific is offering a valuable contribution to the development of an indigenous-centred social work education
Past, present and future perspectives on the role of counselling in social work in Aotearoa New Zealand : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Work at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
Since the profession of social work began, there has been debate about whether it should
be involved in helping individuals make change, or in encouraging societal change.
Towards gaining an understanding of how this debate has played out in Aotearoa New
Zealand, this research explores the question “What are the past present and future
perspectives on the role of counselling in social work in Aotearoa New Zealand?”
A mixed methodology format was used in this research. Qualitative interviews with
individuals who had helped create the professions of social work, counselling and
psychology were conducted to help understand the historical development of counselling
within social work, and the factors which had impacted upon it. Questionnaires were then
sent out to 985 members of the Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers that
asked about members’ current views on, and practice of, counselling within social work.
The research shows that social work developed late in New Zealand within a welfare state
where governments questioned the need for it. With social work education not widely
available until the 1970s there was limited training in counselling type approaches. The
drive for professionalism (often aligned with those doing counselling) was tempered by
those mindful of community and bicultural commitments due to differing ideologies and
lack of access to education. Tangata whenua have had a major impact on the
development of social work, and counselling within it.
Respondents in this research were clear that aspects of counselling fell within their
definitions of social work and that counselling in Aotearoa New Zealand should hold a
strengths-based, collaborative stance that recognised the importance of a bicultural
perspective. Most respondents indicated that they did some amount of counselling within
their practice, but only 34% of respondents felt that their basic social work qualification had
prepared them adequately or really well for their counselling role. The majority of
questionnaire respondents had undertaken additional training to help them with their
counselling role and over two-thirds indicated a strong desire to engage in further study in
counselling. Registration of the helping professions presents challenges that include the potential for
unhelpful competition between them. The thesis concludes that there is a need for more
counselling education options for social workers and that there is a need for the
profession of social work to formally define its scopes of practice
Determinants of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Fatigue in Adults With Heart Failure
Little is known about excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in heart failure (HF). The aim of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to describe the prevalence of EDS and factors associated with it in HF. A secondary purpose was to explore the correlates of fatigue. We enrolled a consecutive sample of 280 adults with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic HF from three outpatient settings in the northeastern United States. Patients with major depressive illness were excluded. Clinical, sociodemographic, behavioral, and perceptual factors were explored as possible correlates of EDS. Using an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score \u3e 10, the prevalence of EDS was 23.6%. Significant determinants of EDS were worse sleep quality (p = .048), worse functional class (p = .004), not taking a diuretic (p = .005), and lack of physical activity (p = .04). Only sleep quality was associated with fatigue (p \u3c .001). Sleep-disordered breathing was not significantly associated with EDS or with fatigue. These factors may be amenable to intervention
The influence of agitation sequence and ionic strength on in vitro drug release from hypromellose (E4M and K4M) ER matrices--the use of the USP III apparatus.
Theophylline extended release (ER) matrices containing hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) E4M and K4M were evaluated in media with a pH range of 1.2-7.5, using an automated USP type III, Bio-Dis dissolution apparatus. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of systematic agitation, ionic strength and pH on the release of theophylline from the gel forming hydrophilic polymeric matrices with different methoxyl substitution levels. Tribo-electric charging of hypromellose, theophylline and their formulated blends containing E4M and K4M grades has been characterised, along with quantitative observations of flow, compression behaviour and particle morphology. Agitations were studied at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 dips per minute (dpm) and also in the ascending and descending order in the dissolution vials. The ionic concentration strength of the media was also varied over a range of 0-0.4M to simulate the gastrointestinal fed and fasted states and various physiological pH conditions. To study the effect of ionic strength on the hydrophilic matrices, agitation was set at 20 dpm. The charge results on individual components imply that the positively charged particles have coupled with the negatively charged particles to form a stable ordered mixture which is believed to result in a more homogeneous and stable system. The particle shape analysis showed the HPMC K4M polymer to have a more irregular morphology and a rougher surface texture in comparison to the HPMC E4M polymer, possibly a contributory factor to the gelation process. The results showed gelation occurred quicker for the K4M tablet matrices. Drug release increased with increased agitation. This was more pronounced for the E4M tablet matrices. The ionic strength also had more of an effect on the drug release from the E4M matrices. The experiments highlighted the resilience of the K4M matrices in comparison with the E4M matrices. The results thus show that despite similar viscosities of E4M and K4M, the methoxyl substitution makes a difference to their control of drug release and as such care and consideration should be given to the choice of polymer used for extended release. The use of systematic change of agitation method and ionic strength may indicate potential fed and fasted effects on drug release from hydrophilic matrices