Russischer Agrarsektor im Aufschwung? Eine Analyse der technischen und Skaleneffizienz der Agrarunternehmen

Dieses Discussion Paper beschäftigt sich mit der Analyse der technischen und Skaleneffizienz russischer Agrarunternehmen im Transformationsprozess. Insbesondere wird hierbei der Einfluss der Faktoren Betriebsgröße, Rechtsform und Spezialisierung auf die Effizienz untersucht. Um die Auswirkungen der Reformen und die Veränderungen in den Agrarunternehmen zu erfassen, werden die Jahre 1993 und 2000 miteinander verglichen. Als methodisches Instrument wurde ein input-orientiertes Modell der Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) zur Effizienzanalyse sowie DEA-Supereffizienzmodell zur Identifikation von Ausreißern und Überprüfung der Stabilität der Daten gewählt. Analysiert wurden im Jahr 1993 373 und im Jahr 2000 367 Nachfolgebetriebe ehemaliger Kolchosen und Sowchosen in Oblast Moskau. Die Ergebnisse der DEA-Modellrechnungen zeigen eine Verbesserung der durchschnittlichen Effizienz im Vergleich von 1993 zu 2000. Bei der Betrachtung der Einflussfaktoren auf die technische Effizienz hat die Wahl der Rechtsform keinen Einfluss. Hingegen beeinflussen Betriebsgröße und Spezialisierung die technische und Skaleneffizienz in beiden Jahren.This Discussion Paper has been occupied with the analysis of the technical and scale efficiency of Russian farms during the transformation process. Especially the influence of the factors farm size, legal form and specialization is analysed. In order to list the effects of reforms and the changes in farms, the observation years 1993 and 2000 are compared. As a methodical instrument has been chosen an input-oriented model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for efficiency measurement as well as the DEA-Superefficiency model for identification of outliers and inspection of data stability. We analysed in year 1993 373 and the year of 2000 367 successors of former kolkhozes and state farms in Oblast Moscow. The results of the DEA model calculations show an improvement in average efficiency from 1993 to 2000. In consideration of the performance-influencing factors to technical efficiency, the choice of the legal form does not have any influence. On the other hand farm size and specialization influence the technical and scale efficiency in both years

АГРАРНЫЙ СЕКТОР РОССИИ НА ПОДЪЕМЕ?! АНАЛИЗ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ АГРАРНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

"Дискуссионные материалы" анализируют техническую эффективность и эффективность в зависимости от масштаба российских аграрных предприятий в трансформационном процессе. При этом, в частности, исследуется влияние на эффективность таких факторов как: размер предприятия, правовая форма и специализация. Чтобы оценить воздействия реформ и изменения на аграрных предприятиях, для сравнения взяты 1993 и 2000 годы. Как методический инструмент была выбрана входная ориентировочная модель Анализа оболочки данных (Data Envelopment Analysis (DЕА)) для анализа эффективности, а также модель супер-эффективности DЕА для определения особо успешных предприятий, и перепроверки стабильности данных. В 1993 году было проанализировано 373, и в 2000 году – 367 предприятий, сформированных на базе колхозов и совхозов Московской области. Результаты модельных расчетов DЕА в 2000 году показывают в среднем, повышение эффективности по сравнению с 1993 годом. При рассмотрении факторов, влияющих на техническую эффективность установлено, что выбор правовой формы не имеет никакого значения. Напротив, размер предприятия и специализация влияют на техническую эффективность и на эффективность в зависимости от масштаба при рассмотрении 1993 и 2000 годов. -- E N G L I S H V E R S I O N: This Discussion Paper has been occupied with the analysis of the technical and scale efficiency of Russian farms during the transformation process. Especially the influence of the factors farm size, legal form and specialization is analysed. In order to list the effects of reforms and the changes in farms, the observation years 1993 and 2000 are compared. As a methodical instru-ment has been chosen an input-oriented model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for efficiency measurement as well as the DEA-Superefficiency model for identification of outliers and inspection of data stability. We analysed in year 1993 373 and the year of 2000 367 successors of former kolkhozes and state farms in Oblast Moscow. The results of the DEA model calculations show an improvement in average efficiency from 1993 to 2000. In consideration of the performance-influencing factors to technical efficiency, the choice of the legal form does not have any influence. On the other hand farm size and specialization influence the technical and scale efficiency in both years.Эффективность,суперэффективность,анализ оболочки данных,трансформационный процесс,Россия,Effizienz,Supereffizienz,Data Envelopment Analysis,Transformationsprozess,Russland

Agricultural Employment Trends in an Enlarged European Union: Does the CAP Reform/Introduction Matter?

In the course of economic development there is a general downward trend of agricultural employment, although structural change in agriculture is often delayed. In the EU-15, agricultural employment decreased by -2.3% p.a. (measured in regular persons) and -3.0% p.a. (measured in annual working units) between 1995 and 2000. In some of the new EU Member States, employment in agriculture plummeted in the early 1990s, whereas in others it increased during the first years of transition and has served as a social buffer in times of economic hardship. The most important determinants of agricultural employment changes are labor saving technical progress, the macroeconomic environment, the farm structure, socio-economic characteristics of the farmer and agricultural support policies. Currently, farmers in the enlarged EU are facing significant policy changes, both in the EU-15 (2003 CAP reform) and in the new Member States (CAP introduction). The results of 15 case studies assessing the future development of agricultural employment and the impact of CAP reform/introduction confirm the general downward trend which overall will not be much affected by these policy changes. However, the case studies also reveal significant differences between regions and enterprises.Agricultural labor market, agricultural policy, European Union, transition countries, case studies, Agricultural and Food Policy, Labor and Human Capital, J43, Q18, Q19,

AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT TRENDS IN AN ENLARGED EUROPEAN UNION: DOES THE CAP REFORM / INTRODUCTION MATTER?

In the course of economic development there is a general downward trend of agricultural employment. In the EU-15, agricultural employment decreased by 2.3% p.a. (measured in regular persons) and 3.0% p.a. (measured in annual working units) between 1995 and 2000. In some of the new EU Member States, employment in agriculture plummeted in the early 1990s, whereas in others it increased during the first years of transition and has served as a social buffer in times of economic hardship. The most important determinants of agricultural employment changes are labor saving technical progress, the macroeconomic environment, the farm structure, socio-economic characteristics of the farmer and agricultural support policies. Currently, farmers in the enlarged EU are facing significant policy changes, both in the EU-15 (2003 CAP reform) and in the new Member States (CAP introduction). The results of 15 case studies assessing the future development of agricultural employment and the impact of CAP reform/introduction confirm the general downward trend which overall will not be much affected by these policy changes. However, the case studies also reveal significant differences between regions and enterprises.Agricultural labor market, agricultural policy, European Union, transition countries, case studies., Agricultural and Food Policy,

Russischer Agrarsektor im Aufschwung? Eine Analyse der technischen und Skaleneffizienz der Agrarunternehmen

Dieses Discussion Paper beschäftigt sich mit der Analyse der technischen und Skaleneffizienz russischer Agrarunternehmen im Transformationsprozess. Insbesondere wird hierbei der Einfluss der Faktoren Betriebsgröße, Rechtsform und Spezialisierung auf die Effizienz untersucht. Um die Auswirkungen der Reformen und die Veränderungen in den Agrarunternehmen zu erfassen, werden die Jahre 1993 und 2000 miteinander verglichen. Als methodisches Instrument wurde ein input-orientiertes Modell der Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) zur Effizienzanalyse sowie DEA-Supereffizienzmodell zur Identifikation von Ausreißern und Überprüfung der Stabilität der Daten gewählt. Analysiert wurden im Jahr 1993 373 und im Jahr 2000 367 Nachfolgebetriebe ehemaliger Kolchosen und Sowchosen in Oblast Moskau. Die Ergebnisse der DEA-Modellrechnungen zeigen eine Verbesserung der durchschnittlichen Effizienz im Vergleich von 1993 zu 2000. Bei der Betrachtung der Einflussfaktoren auf die technische Effizienz hat die Wahl der Rechtsform keinen Einfluss. Hingegen beeinflussen Betriebsgröße und Spezialisierung die technische und Skaleneffizienz in beiden Jahren. -- E N G L I S H V E R S I O N: This Discussion Paper has been occupied with the analysis of the technical and scale efficiency of Russian farms during the transformation process. Especially the influence of the factors farm size, legal form and specialization is analysed. In order to list the effects of reforms and the changes in farms, the observation years 1993 and 2000 are compared. As a methodical instrument has been chosen an input-oriented model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for efficiency measurement as well as the DEA-Superefficiency model for identification of outliers and inspection of data stability. We analysed in year 1993 373 and the year of 2000 367 successors of former kolkhozes and state farms in Oblast Moscow. The results of the DEA model calculations show an improvement in average efficiency from 1993 to 2000. In consideration of the performance-influencing factors to technical efficiency, the choice of the legal form does not have any influence. On the other hand farm size and specialization influence the technical and scale efficiency in both years.Effizienz,Supereffizienz,Data Envelopment Analysis,Transformationsprozess,Russland,Efficiency,superefficiency,Data Envelopment Analysis,transition,Russia

Die Internationalisierung landwirtschaftlicher Unternehmen: Das Beispiel deutscher, dänischer und niederländischer Direktinvestitionen in den ukrainischen Agrarsektor

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Study on employment in rural areas

This report is a response to a request by the 2003 Agriculture Council, for a review of rural employment, particularly in relation to young people and women, in order to assess thecontribution of the reformed Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the new Rural Development Regulation (RDR) towards meeting the employment objectives agreed at the 2000 Lisbon Council (70% employment rate overall and 60% female employment rate by 2010).2. This immediate policy context, together with the 2004 enlargement, are set against a background of more gradual, but nonetheless far-reaching, changes in the role of agriculture, demographic and social changes, and the realignment of the rural economy.3. The objectives set for the report are therefore both empirical, - to set out a clear, comprehensive and up-to date picture of the European rural labour market, - and evaluative, - by addressing the fundamental issue of the extent to which these trends, are likely to help (or hinder) the EU meet itsLisbon employment objectives. A specific policy dimension is added by the requirement to investigate the role which the reformed CAP (Pillar 1 and Pillar 2) is likely to take in this proces

Study on employment in rural areas

This report is a response to a request by the 2003 Agriculture Council, for a review of rural employment, particularly in relation to young people and women, in order to assess thecontribution of the reformed Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the new Rural Development Regulation (RDR) towards meeting the employment objectives agreed at the 2000 Lisbon Council (70% employment rate overall and 60% female employment rate by 2010).2. This immediate policy context, together with the 2004 enlargement, are set against a background of more gradual, but nonetheless far-reaching, changes in the role of agriculture, demographic and social changes, and the realignment of the rural economy.3. The objectives set for the report are therefore both empirical, - to set out a clear, comprehensive and up-to date picture of the European rural labour market, - and evaluative, - by addressing the fundamental issue of the extent to which these trends, are likely to help (or hinder) the EU meet itsLisbon employment objectives. A specific policy dimension is added by the requirement to investigate the role which the reformed CAP (Pillar 1 and Pillar 2) is likely to take in this proces