Highways and byways in Mycenaean Greece: human-environment interactions in dialogue

Horizon 2020(H2020)646667Classical & Mediterranean ArchaeologyMaterial Culture Studie

Persistent high burden and mortality associated with advanced HIV disease in rural Tanzania despite uptake of World Health Organization "test and treat" guidelines

BACKGROUND: Information about burden, characteristics, predictors, and outcomes of advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease (AHD) is scarce in rural settings of sub-Saharan Africa. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and associated deaths remain high despite specific guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO). METHODS: Burden of AHD and 6-month death/loss to follow-up (LTFU) were described among 2498 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive nonpregnant people with HIV (PWH) aged >15 years enrolled in the Kilombero Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort in rural Tanzania between 2013 and 2019. Baseline characteristics associated with AHD and predictors of death/LTFU among those with AHD were analyzed using multivariate logistic and Cox regression, respectively. RESULTS: Of the PWH, 62.2% had AHD at diagnosis (66.8% before vs 55.7% after national uptake of WHO "test and treat" guidelines in 2016). At baseline, older age, male sex, lower body mass index, elevated aminotransferase aspartate levels, severe anemia, tachycardia, decreased glomerular filtration rate, clinical complaints, impaired functional status, and enrollment into care before 2018 were independently associated with AHD. Among people with AHD, incidence of mortality, and LTFU were 16 and 34 per 100 person-years, respectively. WHO clinical stage 3 or 4, CD4 counts <100 cells/microL, severe anemia, tachypnea, and liver disease were associated with death/LTFU. CONCLUSIONS: More than 50% of PWH enrolled in our cohort after test and treat implementation still had AHD at diagnosis. Increasing HIV testing and uptake and implementation of the WHO-specific guidelines on AHD for prevention, diagnosis, treatment of opportunistic infections, and reducing the risks of LTFU are urgently needed to reduce morbidity and mortality

Разработка инструментов продвижения инновационного продукта на рынке B2B

Тема данной работы - "Разработка инструментов продвижения инновационного продукта на рынке B2B" - в рамках которой были разработаны инструменты продвижения которые будут использоваться компанией ОАО "Манотомь". Задача данной работы заключается в анализе продукции выпускаемой компанией и инструментов продвижения используемых компанией. С целью модернизации и разработкой новых инструментов продвижения. Исходя из поставленных задач, в дипломной работе последовательно рассмотрены ряд вопросов, такие как конкурентоспособность продукции ОАО "Манотомь" а так же используемые инструменты продвижения. Разработан новый инструмент продвижения такой как контекстная реклама. Разработаны предложения по модернизации сайта. И рассчитаны оптимальные экономические затраты на внедрения данных инструментов.The topic of this work is "Development of tools for promoting an innovative product in the B2B market" - within the framework of which the promotion tools were developed that will be used by the company "Manotom". The task of this work is to analyze the products produced by the company and the promotion tools used by the company. In order to modernize and develop new promotion tools. Based on the tasks set, the thesis consistently considers a number of issues, such as the competitiveness of the products of JSC "Manotom" as well as the promotion tools used. A new promotion tool, such as contextual advertising, has been developed. Proposals for the modernization of the site have been developed. And the optimal economic costs for the implementation of these tools are calculated

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 total immunoglobulin and neutralising antibody responses in healthy blood donors throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal observational study.

INTRODUCTION Quantifying antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and neutralising antibodies may help to understand protection at the individual and population levels. Determination of neutralising antibodies using classical virus neutralisation tests (VNT) is considered the gold standard, but they are costly and time-intensive. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based surrogate VNTs (sVNT) or anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain immunoglobulins (anti-S-RBD Ig) may be suitable alternatives to VNTs. We aimed to (a) explore the correlations between anti-S-RBD Ig, VNT, and sVNT measurements and (b) describe humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination, natural infection, and vaccine breakthrough infection in healthy blood donors. METHODS We measured total anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ig in 5714 serum samples from 2748 healthy individuals visiting the Swiss Red Cross Blood Donation Centre in Basel from 03/2020 to 04/2022. We used the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay (Roche) against the N- and S-receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins. In a subset of 548 samples from 123 donors, we conducted sVNTs against the Wuhan wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Detection Kit; Adipogen™). In 100 samples from 40 donors, we correlated sVNT and VNTs against the wild-type (D614G WU1) virus. Surveys were sent to the blood donors to collect data on their SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination status. Using this data, donors were categorised as "vaccination only", "infection before vaccination", "post-vaccine breakthrough infection", and "natural infection only". RESULTS Our longitudinal observation study cohort consisted of 50.7% males with a median age of 31 years (range 18-75 y). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 N protein positivity rates per month indicate 57.1% (88/154) of the cohort was infected up to 04/2022. No differences in seropositivity were found between sexes, age groups, blood types (AB0 or RhD), and cytomegalovirus serostatus. We observed a high correlation between anti-S-RBD Ig and inhibition percentage (Spearman's ρ = 0.92, Kendall's τ = 0.77, p <0.0001). We determined the sensitivity and specificity for the manufacturers' thresholds for detecting virus-neutralising effects and computed the "best" cut-off based on our real-world data. We categorised 722/1138 (63.5%) donors as vaccination only (82.3%), post-vaccine breakthrough infection (7.8%), infection before vaccination (5.8%), and natural infection only (4.2%). We observed a lower inhibition percentage in the natural infection-only group than in all other vaccinated groups. The infection before vaccination group had higher anti-S-RBD Ig titres after the first vaccine dose than the other vaccinated groups. CONCLUSION In total, 57.1% of healthy blood donors were infected with SARS-CoV-2, but natural infection without evidence of vaccination seems to result in substantially lower neutralising antibody levels. An estimate of antibody neutralisation may be helpful to assess reinfection risk. Total anti-S-RBD Ig correlates with surrogate virus neutralisation test results, a surrogate for neutralisation; therefore, we suggest that total anti-S-RBD Ig may estimate the level of neutralising antibodies. The threshold for protection from an unfavourable clinical outcome must be evaluated in prospective clinical cohorts