Preoperative chemoradiation with paclitaxel-carboplatin or with fluorouracil-oxaliplatin-folinic acid (FOLFOX) for resectable esophageal and junctional cancer: the PROTECT-1402, randomized phase 2 trial.

BACKGROUND: Often curative treatment for locally advanced resectable esophageal or gastro-esophageal junctional cancer consists of concurrent neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy followed by surgery. Currently, one of the most commonly used chemotherapy regimens in this setting is a combination of a fluoropyrimidin and of a platinum analogue. Due to the promising results of the recent CROSS trial, another regimen combining paclitaxel and carboplatin is also widely used by European and American centers. No clinical study has shown the superiority of one treatment over the other. The objective of this Phase II study is to clarify clinical practice by comparing these two chemotherapy treatments. Our aim is to evaluate, in operable esophageal and gastro-esophageal junctional cancer, the complete resection rate and severe postoperative morbidity rate associated with these two neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic regimens (carboplatin-paclitaxel or fluorouracil-oxaliplatin-folinic acid) when each is combined with the radiation regime utilized in the CROSS trial. METHODS/DESIGN: PROTECT is a prospective, randomized, multicenter, open arms, phase II trial. Eligible patients will have a histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma and be treated with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy followed by surgery for stage IIB or stage III resectable esophageal cancer. A total of 106 patients will be randomized to receive either 3 cycles of FOLFOX combined to concurrent radiotherapy (41.4 Grays) or carboplatin and paclitaxel with the same radiation regimen, using a 1:1 allocation ratio. DISCUSSION: This ongoing trial offers the unique opportunity to compare two standards of chemotherapy delivered with a common regimen of preoperative radiation, in the setting of operable locally advanced esophageal or gastro-esophageal junctional tumors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02359968 (ClinicalTrials.gov) (registration date: 9 FEB 2015), EudraCT: 2014-000649-62 (registration date: 10 FEB 2014)

L'obésité et son traitement chirurgical (données actuelles et prise en charge par l'équipe multidisciplinaire)

L'obésité est en 2007 un problème de santé publique en France, en Europe et dans le monde. Il existe une véritable épidémie de l'obésité. La gravité de l'obésité est liée aux maladies associées (comorbidités). La prise en charge comportementale alimentaire ainsi que les traitements médicamenteux n'ont pas fait la preuve de leur efficacité. La chirurgie bariatrique en France s est développée depuis le milieu des années 1990 et comporte un panel de techniques restrictives, mixtes et de malabsorption. Cette chirurgie n est envisagée qu au terme d une prise en charge multidisciplinaire et a des recommandations précises en matière d indications. L analyse de la littérature met en évidence une efficacité de la chirurgie en matière de perte d excès de poids, d amélioration des comorbidités associées (diabète, hypertension artérielle, syndrome d apnée du sommeil) et d amélioration de la qualité de vie. Les résultats de la chirurgie sont supérieurs à ceux obtenus avec la prise en charge comportementale classique à court et moyen terme (5 et 10 ans). Une diminution de la surmortalité par risque vasculaire a également été notée après chirurgie. La chirurgie est réalisable par voie coelioscopique chez ces patients à risque anesthésique avec un risque opératoire moyen de 1%. Le développement de la chirurgie bariatrique nécessite la mise en place de centres experts et la collaboration au sein de réseaux formalisés ou non du médecin traitant et des différents spécialistes (endocrinologue ou médecin nutritionniste, psychiatre ou psychologue, chirurgien, spécialistes d organe). Les résultats obtenus dans la littérature justifient une poursuite de la recherche clinique afin d affiner les recommandations actuelles en matière de traitement.NANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Apoptose et transformation morphologique des cellules embryonnaires de hamster syrien (SHE)

METZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Intra-annual heterogeneity of the cultivated mosaic: impact on carabid beetle populations

Spatio-temporal heterogeneity is recognised as a key factor for biodiversity. In agricultural landscapes, landscape heterogeneity is mostly described by the amount of semi-natural elements. In addition, the heterogeneity of cover types in the cultivated matrix might also influence biodiversity (Fahrig et al. 2011). Within a year, this matrix is highly heterogeneous in space and time, due to the diversity of crop covers, to crop phenology and cultural practices. Thus, for species that use crops during their life cycle, the cultivated matrix can be viewed as a mosaic of asynchronous habitats with fast-changing suitability, which is likely to affect species distribution and survival (Vasseur et al. 2008). In this study, we tested whether intra-annual heterogeneity of the cultivated mosaic affects population distribution and dynamics of a beneficial carabid species (Pterostichus melanarius). We hypothesize that distribution of carabid populations is driven in space and time by seasonal changes in habitat suitability in crops, and by insect movements from unsuitable to suitable crops during the season. The study was conducted in a 30ha mosaic of five to six adjacent crop fields (winter cereals, maize) and their boundaries in Western France. Winter cereals and maize exhibit dense vegetation cover at different periods (May-July and July-September respectively) and were supposed to have asynchronous suitability for carabid beetles. From May to September 2009 and 2010, trapping was used to describe: 1) densities of post-emerged adults in crop fields (enclosed emergence arenas), 2) carabid activity-density in crop fields and field boundaries (open pitfall traps) and 3) carabid movements between adjacent crop fields, and between crop fields and their boundaries (directional barrier traps). In the early season (May-July), carabid activity-density was higher in cereals than in maize fields. This was partly explained by lower densities of emergent adults in maize fields due to destructive effects of spring soil tillage on larvae and pupae in maize. On the other hand, suitable vegetation cover and microclimatic conditions in cereals might also have result in higher carabid activity-density. During this period, carabid beetles moved preferentially from maize fields with bare soil, toward cereal fields with dense vegetation cover. Later in the season, cereal harvest and vegetation growth in maize were followed by a drastic increase in carabid activity-density in maize fields due to massive colonization of these crops by insects. The results suggest that the distribution and dynamics of carabid populations is driven by asynchronous suitability of cereals and maize fields, which act as complementary habitats during the season. The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the cultivated mosaic might therefore play a crucial role for the persistence of beneficial carabid beetles

Intra-annual heterogeneity of the cultivated mosaic: impact on carabid beetle populations

 Spatio-temporal heterogeneity is recognised as a key factor for biodiversity. In agricultural landscapes, landscape heterogeneity is mostly described by the amount of semi-natural elements. In addition, the heterogeneity of cover types in the cultivated matrix might also influence biodiversity (Fahrig et al. 2011). Within a year, this matrix is highly heterogeneous in space and time, due to the diversity of crop covers, to crop phenology and cultural practices. Thus, for species that use crops during their life cycle, the cultivated matrix can be viewed as a mosaic of asynchronous habitats with fast-changing suitability, which is likely to affect species distribution and survival (Vasseur et al. 2008). In this study, we tested whether intra-annual heterogeneity of the cultivated mosaic affects population distribution and dynamics of a beneficial carabid species (Pterostichus melanarius). We hypothesize that distribution of carabid populations is driven in space and time by seasonal changes in habitat suitability in crops, and by insect movements from unsuitable to suitable crops during the season. The study was conducted in a 30ha mosaic of five to six adjacent crop fields (winter cereals, maize) and their boundaries in Western France. Winter cereals and maize exhibit dense vegetation cover at different periods (May-July and July-September respectively) and were supposed to have asynchronous suitability for carabid beetles. From May to September 2009 and 2010, trapping was used to describe: 1) densities of post-emerged adults in crop fields (enclosed emergence arenas), 2) carabid activity-density in crop fields and field boundaries (open pitfall traps) and 3) carabid movements between adjacent crop fields, and between crop fields and their boundaries (directional barrier traps). In the early season (May-July), carabid activity-density was higher in cereals than in maize fields. This was partly explained by lower densities of emergent adults in maize fields due to destructive effects of spring soil tillage on larvae and pupae in maize. On the other hand, suitable vegetation cover and microclimatic conditions in cereals might also have result in higher carabid activity-density. During this period, carabid beetles moved preferentially from maize fields with bare soil, toward cereal fields with dense vegetation cover. Later in the season, cereal harvest and vegetation growth in maize were followed by a drastic increase in carabid activity-density in maize fields due to massive colonization of these crops by insects. The results suggest that the distribution and dynamics of carabid populations is driven by asynchronous suitability of cereals and maize fields, which act as complementary habitats during the season. The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the cultivated mosaic might therefore play a crucial role for the persistence of beneficial carabid beetles

Building the future of digital preservation in french archival services - iPRES 2019 Amsterdam

Studied since the 1980s in French Archival services from a technical point of view, long term digital preservation strategy became a priority a few years ago in the context of Vitam program. The French Archive Interdepartmental Service, in partnership with the Vitam program team and the Ministries of Culture (National Archives), for Europe and Foreign Affairs and of Armed Forces, commissioned a study in 2018 about “ The long-term sustainability of digital information “. This collective work offers a modeling of digital preservation processes and an analysis of the skills and profiles needed to implement these processes, not only for the three ministries but for any archival service wishing to diagnose its maturity

Habitat temporal complementation: How do beneficial ground beetles survive in a transient mosaic?

Managing agricultural landscapes to enhance biological control requires an understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamics of beneficial arthropod populations. In agricultural landscapes, functional heterogeneity results from both the spatial pattern of landscape elements and their rapidly changing of habitat suitability. This suitability dynamics results first from the within-year dynamics of vegetation growth and crop management practices, and second from the year-to-year dynamics of crop rotations. We investigated the impacts of cropped habitat dynamics on population recruitment, distribution and movements of a beneficial predatory carabid beetle (Pterostichus melanarius). Our hypothesis is that populations are sustained by the beetles mobility that enables them to exploit the temporal complementarity of different adjacent crops and boundaries. The study was conducted in a mosaic of five adjacent fields of cereals and maize (total area 30 ha) in Western France. The mosaic was surrounded by roads isolating the population. Three types of sampling were done weekly from May to September 2009: 1) the field productivity in terms of post-emerged adults with enclosed emergence arenas; 2) the overall activity-density of carabid beetles in open pitfall-traps and 3) the exchanges between fields and their field boundaries and adjacent fields, with directional barrier traps

Management legacies, landscape patterns and species distribution in an agricultural landscape

Management legacies, landscape patterns and species distribution in an agricultural landscape. Annual ILTER Coordinating Committee Meeting and ILTER Symposium 201

Management legacies, landscape patterns and species distribution in an agricultural landscape

Management legacies, landscape patterns and species distribution in an agricultural landscape. Annual ILTER Coordinating Committee Meeting and ILTER Symposium 201

Effets des interactions entre structures paysagères et pratiques localisées sur les dynamiques de la biodiversité

Effets des interactions entre structures paysagères et pratiques localisées sur les dynamiques de la biodiversité. Journées BiodiverS'ET