Trauma y autodestrucción psicológica: Una visión general del exasperante desequilibrio emocional en El ídolo invisible de la luz de K R Meera

The present article discusses trauma and its impact on human emotions, particularly on women, in literature, with a focus on K R Meera's novel, The Unseeing Idol of Light. The research paper highlights the rise of trauma theory in literature and explores the cultural and psychological influence of trauma in literature. It also analyses the characters in the novel through the lens of emotional imbalance and interdependency and examines the interrelation between vision, love, and trauma. The prevalence of negative emotions over positive emotions in the novel has been discussed. The paper emphasises the importance of mental stability in contemporary society and discusses various themes such as psychic changes, loss, longing, and transformation. The researcher aims to analyse and relate the selected work with critical thinking to shed light on the cultural and psychological impressions of literature.El presente artículo analiza el trauma y su impacto en las emociones humanas, particularmente en las mujeres, en la literatura, con un enfoque en la novela de K R Meera, The Unseeing Idol of Light. El artículo de investigación destaca el surgimiento de la teoría del trauma en la literatura y explora la influencia cultural y psicológica del trauma en la literatura. También analiza los personajes de la novela a través de la lente del desequilibrio emocional y la interdependencia, y examina la interrelación entre la visión, el amor y el trauma. También se discute la prevalencia de las emociones negativas sobre las emociones positivas en la novela. El documento enfatiza la importancia de la estabilidad mental en la sociedad contemporánea y discute varios temas como los cambios psíquicos, la pérdida, el anhelo y la transformación. El investigador tiene como objetivo analizar y relacionar la obra seleccionada con el pensamiento crítico para arrojar luz sobre las impresiones culturales y psicológicas de la literatura

An analytical study to evaluate the association between fundus fluorescein angiographic changes in diabetic maculopathy and dyslipidaemia

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual disability and blindness among Diabetics. It is a major microvascular complication of diabetes and is frequently accompanied by lipid exudation. Dyslipidemia leads to the development of hard exudates and Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME) which interferes with vision. The elevated lipid levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction and play an important role in the pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy, especially in the breakdown of blood-retinal barrier. It’s important to find an association between serum lipid profile with diabetic retinopathy and its severity. The current study was undertaken to determine the association of serum lipid profile with diabetic maculopathy, the development of hard exudates and to assess the subsequent Fundus Fluorescein Angiographic(FFA) features. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To study the relationship between Fundus Fluorescein Angiographic patterns of diabetic maculopathy and serum lipid levels. To evaluate the relationship between serum lipid levels and retinal hard exudates in patients with diabetic retinopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 patients with diabetic retinopathy attending the O.P.D of the Department of Ophthalmology of Government Rajaji Hospital Madurai for ophthalmic evaluation detected to have Diabetic Maculopathy, will be included in this study, for a study period of 6months. A detailed history will be taken. Detailed Ophthalmological examination will be done. Fundus examination with direct, indirect ophthalmoscope and slit lamp biomicroscopy with 90 D lens for grading of diabetic retinopathy and macular assessment will be done and Fundus photograph will be taken. Investigations like complete hemogram, urine examination, Biochemical tests-FBS, PPBS, HBA1C, lipid profile, serum creatinine will be recorded and ECG will be done. Medical fitness for performing the procedure will be taken. Patient will be explained about the procedure and proper written consent will be taken prior to performing Fundus Fluorescein Angiography. RESULTS: In our study, majority of the Diabetic Maculopathy patients were between the range of 50-60 years of age, with a slight male preponderance and most of the patients with a sedentary lifestyle developed dyslipidaemia. Among the 50 patients with Diabetic Maculopathy, lipid profile revealed that 19 patients had normal lipid levels and 31 were dyslipidaemic (18 with hypercholesterolemia, 4 with high LDL and 9 with high triglycerides). The FFA findings showed two main patterns (Ischemic Maculopathy indicated by large Foveal Avascular Zone and Blocked Fluorescence due to accumulation of Hard exudates). The FFA findings of Blocked fluorescence were seen more statistically significant among those dyslipidemic patients who had high cholesterol wih a p value of 0.042. But the relation between high triglycerides and high LDL to the presence of Blocked Fluorescence in FFA was not statistically significant (p value 1.00) CONCLUSION: With the advent of modernisation and westernisation among Indians, the eventual weight gain and sedentary lifestyle, the advantage of efficient glucose metabolism has been lost and the incidence of diabetes has increased. The significant association between hypercholesteremia and CSME goes in accordance with the study by Al-Bdour et al Wisconsin Epidemiological Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR) and CURES eye study. The present study underlines the role of elevated serum lipids in the onset of diabetic macular oedema and hard exudates. The analysis of the severity of hard exudates and edema in relation to lipid fractions in patients with diabetic maculopathy showed that total cholesterol was significantly higher in such patients. Hyperlipidaemia is a risk factor for the development of hard exudates in patients with diabetic maculopathy. The current treatment for diabetic retinopathy is laser photocoagulation. With the advent of systemic lipid lowering therapy over the last two decades, there may be potential for medical therapy also to control dyslipidemic in diabetics thus reducing their progression to macular edema. The present study demonstrated statistically significant correlation between diabetic maculopathy and hypercholesterolemia (p value 0.042). Thus strict lipid control can help in improving the quality of life and vision among people with type 2 diabetes who are more prone to develop Diabetic Macular Edema

Feto-maternal outcome in patients with couvelaire uterus: a 3 year study in a tertiary care hospital in rural Karnataka, India

Background: Couvelaire uterus also known as uteroplacental apoplexy is a life threatening condition where abruptio placenta causes bleeding that penetrates into the uterine myometrium. It can only be diagnosed on direct visualization. Therefore, its occurrence is perhaps under reported and underestimated in the literature. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors for couvelaire uterus and feto-maternal outcomes associated with couvelaire uterus in comparison with patients who presented with abruption without couvelaire uterus in a tertiary care hospital in rural Karnataka.Methods: All women who had abruptio placenta who were delivered by cesarean section were included in the study. Cases were women with couvelaire uterus and controls were women without couvelaire uterus observed intraoperatively during cesarean section.Results: Patients without couvelaire uterus had significantly more vaginal bleeding (22.2% vs 75%). However, patients with couvelaire uterus had a higher incidence of PPH (66.7% vs 28.6%), need for blood transfusion (5.9±3.2 pints vs 1.6±1.8 pints), DIC (22.2% vs 14.3%), maternal mortality (5.6% vs 0) and adverse neonatal outcome.Conclusions: We conclude that patients with couvelaire uterus had an increased risk of maternal complications such as postpartum hemorrhage and disseminated intravascular coagulation which resulted in increased need for blood transfusion, prolonged hospital stay and maternal morbidity and mortality. Present study further highlights that adverse neonatal outcomes such as low birth weight, low Apgar score and neonatal death were more frequently associated with couvelaire uterus. Thus, the presence of couvelaire uterus may be considered as a severe form of abruption and such patients should be anticipated for higher incidence and risk for maternal and neonatal morbidity

A comparative evaluation of Ficus religiosa with Ficus species for its anti-inflammatory activity: a review

Herbal medicine is one of the oldest forms in medical treatment. Through various studies it was known that medicinal herbs are used for treating inflammatory disorders in traditional medicine. Inflammation is the body’s process of opposing against the foreign particles that harm it, such as infections, injuries etc. The work aims to compare the anti-inflammatory action of extracts of various Ficus species using Carrageenan induced hind paw oedema method and cotton pellet granuloma method. Literature surveys have been done to check the extent of anti-inflammatory activity on extracts of various plant parts like roots, leaves, barks, fruits etc. of Ficus species with oral administration of different doses. As a result, the leaf extract of plant Ficus religiosa have found to be greater effect compared to other Ficus species. Thus, the review may conclude that the anti-inflammatory effect of Ficus religiosa extract is more potent than other Ficus specie

AN ECO-FRIENDLY APPROACH FOR SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING Ipomoea Pes-Caprae ROOT EXTRACT AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES

objective: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained through green synthesis using Ipomoea pes-caprae root extract for the first time. The activebiomolecules present in the roots of I. pes-caprae, are ergoline alkaloids, indolizidine alkaloids, benzenoids and phenolic compounds act as both thereduction and stabilization of AgNPs.Methods: The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, transmissionelectron microscope (TEM).Results: A peak at 400 nm was obtained in UV-Visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs. TEM microgram confirms that AgNPs were inthe nano range and spherical in nature, the size was observed to be 50 nm.Conclusion: A higher zone of inhibition was observed in the AgNPs synthesized from the root extract of I. pes-caprae because of the active biomoleculescapped on the AgNPs that has greater efficacy against bacteria.Keywords: Ipomoea pes-caprae, Silver nanoparticles, Antimicrobial activity

Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus Povidone-Iodine-alcohol for surgical site antisepsis in caesarean section

Background: Caesarean section is one of the most common procedures performed. Recent studies found that surgical-site infection (SSI) was the most common healthcare-associated infection. Authors hypothesized that optimization of preoperative skin antisepsis may decrease postoperative infections. The objective was to establish the efficacy of chlorhexidine-based antiseptic protocol versus povidone-iodine protocol in reducing SSI for patients undergoing caesarean deliveries.Methods: This is a randomized prospective study conducted from April 2017 to September 2017 at a tertiary care center in India. Women who underwent caesarean sections were allocated into either group. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to have the surgical site painted with chlorhexidine-alcohol preparation or painted with a solution of 10% povidone-iodine and then with surgical spirit. The outcomes were any SSI occurring within a week or during the 30 day follow up period of the surgery including any of: superficial or deep surgical site infection, or endometritis, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions.Results: A total of 560 subjects (273 in the chlorhexidine group and 287 in the iodine group) qualified for the study. The number of surgical-site infection was significantly lower in the chlorhexidine group than in the iodine group (6.95% vs. 14.28%; P=0.005). Chlorhexidine–alcohol was significantly more protective than iodine-alcohol against both superficial incisional infections (5.49% vs. 10.10%, P=0.03) and deep incisional infections (1.46% vs. 4.18%, P=0.04).Conclusions: This study highlighted that Chlorhexidine-alcohol provided superior skin antisepsis in comparison to povidone iodine-alcohol

Calendula officinalis and Echinacae purpurae as antimicrobial agent

Microorganisms includes viruses, bacteria, protozoan, fungi and algae. The potential sources of microbes includes soil, water, atmosphere, plants, animals etc., of which, soil is the No. 1 concern for microbes. They mainly cause infections in respiratory tract, gastro intestinal tract, urogenital tract, skin etc. The repeated intake of antibiotics against these infections leads to many adverse effects like antimicrobial resistance, which creates an urge for the society to depend on medicinal plants. Homeopathic medicine is considered as a complementary systems of medicine, which uses lower doses of plants, animals and inorganic substances to cure ailments and many of these homeopathic tinctures possess antimicrobial activity. This article reviews on antimicrobial property of Calendula officinalis and Echinacae purpurae mother tinctures and concludes that these two tinctures can be regarded as promising antimicrobial agents as they contain some phytochemical constituents responsible for the prevention of microbial growt

Effect of supportive therapy on the incidence of post-partum depression

Background: Postpartum non-psychotic depression (PND) is the most common complication of childbirth with approximately 10-42% prevalence across the globe. Especially in rural south Indian population, fear of stigma, superstitions, poverty and poor medical access by the pregnant women leads to a large number of un-diagnosed and poorly treated cases of post-partum depression. Objective of study was to study the effect of Supportive therapy on the incidence of post-partum depression in women attending the Obstetrics Department of SDUMC, Kolar using the Edinburgh Depression Rating Scale and to compare the findings with that with a control population.Methods: 200 ladies in their second trimester of pregnancy were taken up for the study; 100 out of these were psycho-educated about the risks and signs of Post-partum depression and subjected to supportive therapy sessions. On the 5th day after their delivery, they were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The other 100 patients (control group) were directly interviewed using the EPDS on day 5 post-partum.Results: The overall depression among treatment group (17 %) is significantly lower when compared to the control group (41 %). The Mean depression score of treatment group (5.41) was significantly lower when compared to control group (8.65) which is statistically significant. Amongst the treatment group, marital status, occupation, education and bad obstetric history were found to have a significant influence on depression.Conclusions: The overall depression among treatment group (17 %) is significantly lower when compared to the control group (41 %). The Mean depression score of treatment group (5.41) was significantly lower when compared to control group (8.65) which is statistically significant. Amongst the treatment group, marital status, occupation, education and bad obstetric history were found to have a significant influence on depression

Design of Low Power Data Preserving Flip Flop Using MTCMOS Technique

In order to reduce overall power consumption, a well-known technique is to scale supply voltages. However, to maintain performance, device threshold voltages must scale as well, which will cause sub threshold leakage currents to increase exponentially. The sub threshold voltage has to affect the two parameters one is the delay and other one is the sub threshold leakage current. Smaller the threshold voltage smaller will be delay while larger will be the sub threshold current. Controlling sub threshold leakage has been explored significantly in the literature, especially in the context of reducing leakage currents in burst mode type circuits, where the system spends the majority of the time in an idle standby, or sleep, state where no computation is taking place. MTCMOS or multi-threshold CMOS has been proposed as a very effective technique for reducing leakage currents during the standby by state by utilizing high sleep devices to gate the power supplies of a low logic block. Although MTCMOS circuit techniques are effective for controlling leakage currents in combinational logic, a drawback is that it can cause internal nodes to float, and cannot be directly used in standard memory cells without corrupting stored data. As a result, several researchers have explored possible MTCMOS latch designs that can reduce leakage currents yet maintain state during the standby modes. In this work a data preserving flip flop with reduced leakage power is designed using MTCMOS technique in 90nm technology with the help of CADENCE tool. The simulation results have shown that the leakage power is reduced by 25.70% compared to CMOS flip flop