Recurrent vesicourethal stenosis after radical prostatectomy: how to treat it?

Vesicourethral anastomotic stricture and urinary incontinence are severe complications of radical prostatectomy because they cause great impact in the quality of life. Three patients that presented these complications after prostate radical surgery were assessed retrospectively. To treat the stenosis of the vesicourethral anastomosis an urolume was placed and later on, an artificial sphincter AMS 800 was implanted to treat the resulting urinary incontinence.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Department of UrologyUNIFESP, EPM, Department of UrologySciEL

Renal lymphoma: atypical presentation of a renal tumor

Primary renal lymphoma is a rare lesion that represents less than 1% of the kidney s lesions. The authors discuss the case of a 67-year-old woman with a renal mass identified 7 years after treatment of a non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, and analyze clinical and prognostic aspects of renal lymphomas. Radiological findings in this case showed an uncommon presentation of the renal lymphomatous lesion which served as a warning that tumors might appear during follow-up as atypical and uncommon lesions.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Department of UrologyUNIFESP, EPM, Department of UrologySciEL

PSA and anthropometric measurements among Amazon Indians: an evaluation of the Parkatejê community

OBJECTIVE: PSA (prostate-specific antigen) screening for early detection of prostate cancer in a native community is of great epidemiological importance. The study was conducted with the objective of verifying the occurrence of prostate cancer among members of an Amazon community, as well as its possible relationship to acculturation and overweight (body mass index). METHODS: Lifestyle and anthropometric information was collected from a group of 22 men, presumedly over age 50, members of an isolated community of 363 Amazonian Indians - self-denominated Parkatejê and Kykatêjê - from Pará state, in Northern Brazil. In addition to physical and hematological exams, total and free PSA dosages were performed. RESULTS: Total PSA serum levels ranged from 0.35 to 25.8 ng/ml. Three subjects had PSA levels greater than 4.0 ng/ml, and another two had levels between 2.5 and 4.o ng/ml. Prostate biopsies performed on two subjects indicated the presence of prostate adenocarcinoma in one of them and of intraepithelial neoplasia on the other. Overweight (BMI >25 Kg/m²) and waist-to-hip ratio >0,9 were observed in 68.1% and 72% of subjects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in nutritional habits caused by contact with civilization, such as the substitution of more caloric foods for the traditional game and vegetable fiber are increasing the prevalence of overweight among the community. In view of the association between prostate cancer incidence, high-fat diet, and less physical activity, it can be assumed that further cases of prostate neoplasia will occur in the future, since several community members already have high PSA serum levels.OBJETIVO: O rastreamento com o PSA (antígeno prostático específico) para detecção precoce de câncer de próstata em uma comunidade nativa tem grande importância epidemiológica. Assim, realizou-se estudo com objetivo de verificar a ocorrência do câncer da próstata em uma tribo indígena da Amazônia e uma possível relação entre o aculturamento, a presença de sobrepeso (índice de massa corporal) e o aparecimento da doença. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um levantamento dos hábitos e medidas antropométricas em 22 homens com idade presumida maior de 50 anos, de uma tribo isolada de 363 índios, autodenominados Parkatejê e Kikatêjê, vivendo na região Amazônica (Pará). Além dos exames físico e hematológicos, foram realizadas dosagens de PSA total e PSA livre. RESULTADO: Os níveis séricos de PSA total variaram de 0,35 a 25,8 ng/ml. Três nativos apresentaram PSA maior que 4,0 ng/ml e outros dois evidenciaram PSA entre 2,5 e 4,0 ng/ml. Biopsia prostática em dois nativos revelou a presença de adenocarcinoma de próstata em um e neoplasia intraepitelial em outro. Sobrepeso com índice de massa corporal >25 Kg/m² e relação cintura-quadril >0,9 foram observados em 68,1% e 72,7% do grupo estudado. CONCLUSÕES: Mudanças nutricionais decorrentes do contato com a civilização, como substituição da caça e fibras vegetais por alimentos mais calóricos, estão aumentando a freqüência de sobrepeso na comunidade indígena. Devido à associação entre incidência de câncer de próstata, dieta gordurosa e menor atividade física, pode-se presumir que o futuro testemunhará mais casos da neoplasia prostática, visto que vários de seus membros já evidenciaram altos níveis séricos de PSA.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Development of a urinary lithiasis localizer mechanism to couple ultrasound and extracorporeal lithotripsy equipment in canine model

INTRODUCTION: Due to the evolution of extracorporeal lithotripsy equipment (ESWL) and presently, the fact that most part of the equipment does not present ultrasound to localize urinary calculi, a system that allows adapting ultrasound equipment to ESWL equipment was developed, disposing only of fluoroscopy. Thus, this equipment was developed and was tested in urinary stones in canine models, to check its precision in relation to fluoroscopy. METHOD: Seven male dogs were utilized with the introduction, in the bladder through the ureteral route, of chalkstones, with initial localization by fluoroscopy, with a further ultrasound coincidence check localization of the vesical stones, being submitted to ESWL with a 3-hour, 21 days and 60 days follow-up after the procedure. RESULTS: Success of localization in all animals was verified presenting elimination of stones in the first micturitions, after ESWL. No complications were verified in those animals for 60 days. CONCLUSION: We verified that this equipment can lead to an update of the equipment that use only fluoroscopy, increasing in this way, their technical capacity in the treatment of urinary calculi, mainly in cases of non-radiopaque stones.UNIFESP Paulista School of Medicine Department of UrologyUniversity of São Paulo Faculty of MedicineUNIFESP, Paulista School of Medicine Department of UrologySciEL

Search and identification of spermatozoa and spermatids in the ejaculate of non-obstructive azoospermic patients

OBJECTIVE: To search and to identify spermatozoa and spermatids, present in the ejaculate of non-obstructive azoospermic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 27 patients, aged between 18 and 48 years, with initial diagnosis compatible with non-obstructive azoospermia, underwent up to 3 seminal samples, with assessment of macroscopic and microscopic parameters differentiated for each sample. In the first sample, 5 µL of semen were analyzed in a Horwell chamber in order to assess the presence or absence of spermatozoa. The procedure was repeated with 2 other aliquots. In the absence of spermatozoa, the entire sample was transferred to a conic tube and following centrifugation the sediment was freshly analyzed. The second seminal sample was collected only when no spermatozoa were found in the first sample and the research was performed in the same way. In cases where spermatozoa were not seen, the sample was centrifuged and the obtained sediment was stained by the panoptic method and observed under common light microscopy (1250X). The third seminal sample was collected only in cases when patients had not shown spermatozoa in the first and second seminal samples. RESULTS: 4/27 (14.8%) patients presented spermatozoa in the first seminal sample and 6/23 (26.1%), in the second seminal sample. No spermatozoa were seen in the third sample, however, 11/17 (64.7%) presented spermatids. CONCLUSION: In clinical situations where the initial diagnosis is non-obstructive azoospermia, one single routine seminal analysis is not enough to confirm this diagnosis and the analysis of the centrifuged sediment can have relevant clinical consequences. Among patients considered non-obstructive azoospermic, when duly assessed, 37% presented spermatozoa and 64.7%, spermatids.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Division of UrologyUNIFESP, EPM, Division of UrologySciEL

A continent catheterizable ileum-based reservoir

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Urol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Urol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Changes in the protein profiles of sperm cells from adolescents with varicocele.

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Incidental and symptomatic renal tumors: impact on patient survival

CONTEXT: Renal cell carcinoma is the third most frequent genitourinary neoplasia, and there is currently an increase in the incidental diagnosis of tumors confined to the kidneys. OBJECTIVE: To study the survival of patients with incidental and symptomatic renal tumors who have undergone nephrectomy.DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Hospital Sírio Libanês and Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo. PARTICIPANTS: 115 patients with diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, operated on by the same group of surgeons and evaluated by a single pathologist. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Sex, age and diagnosis method, analyzed in two groups, according to the tumor diagnosis: Group 1 with incidental diagnosis and Group 2 with symptomatic tumors. The anatomopathological characteristics and patient survival in both groups were evaluated. A statistical analysis was performed using the Student t, chi-squared, log rank and Kaplan-Meyer tests. RESULTS: Among the studied patients, 59(51%) had an incidental diagnosis, with 78% diagnosed by ultrasonography, 20% by computerized tomography scan and 2% during surgeries; 56 patients (49%) were symptomatic. Tumor locations were equally distributed between the two kidneys, and the surgery was conservative for 24% of the incidental and 9% of the symptomatic group. In the incidental group only one patient had tumor progression and there was no death, while in the symptomatic group there were 5 progressions and 10 deaths. The 5-year specific cancer-free survival was 100% in the incidental and 80% in the symptomatic group (p = 0.001) while the disease-free rate was 98% in the incidental and 62% in the symptomatic group (p < 0001). CONCLUSION: Incidental renal tumor diagnosis offers better prognosis, providing longer disease-free survival.CONTEXTO: O carcinoma de células renais é a terceira neoplasia geniturinária em frequência, havendo atualmente um aumento no diagnóstico incidental de tumores restritos ao rim. OBJETIVO: Verificar a sobrevida dos pacientes com tumores de rim incidentais e sintomáticos submetidos a nefrectomia. TIPO DE ESTUDO: Retrospectivo. LOCAL: Hospital Sírio Libanês e Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo. PARTICIPANTES: 115 pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma de células renais e operados por um mesmo grupo de cirurgiões, avaliados por um único patologista. VARIÁVEIS ESTUDADAS: Sexo, idade e método diagnóstico, analisados em dois grupos conforme o diagnóstico do tumor: Grupo 1 com diagnóstico incidental e Grupo 2, com tumores sintomáticos. São também avaliadas as características anatomopatológicas da peça operatória e sobrevida dos pacientes nestes dois grupos. Foi realizada análise estatística através do teste t de Student, qui quadrado, log rank test e Kaplan-Meyer. RESULTADOS: Dos pacientes estudados, 59 (51%) tinham diagnóstico incidental, sendo 78% diagnosticados pelo exame ultra-sonográfico, 20% por tomografia computadorizada e 2% em transoperatório; já 56 pacientes (49%) apresentaram-se sintomáticos. Houve um equilíbrio quanto à lateralidade, sendo a cirurgia conservadora em 24% dos incidentais e 9% dos sintomáticos. No grupo incidental, apenas um paciente teve progressão e nenhum óbito, ao passo que os sintomáticos tiveram 5 progressões e 10 óbitos. A sobrevida câncer-específica em cinco anos foi de 100% para incidentais e 80% para os sintomáticos (p = 0,001) e a sobrevida livre de doença foi de 98% para os incidentais e 62% para os sintomáticos (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O tumor de rim diagnosticado incidentalmente oferece melhor prognóstico, proporcionando maior sobrevida livre de doença

Must the TNM staging of the renal cell carcinoma be modified again?

OBJECTIVE: The behavior of the renal cells carcinoma stage PT1 is not completely clarified. We studied the presence of factors after prognostics and tumoral size in the recurrence of survival of the sporadic kidney carcinoma after surgical treatment. METHODS: 120 patients followed after nephrectomy had been revised retrospectively 93 PT1, 9 PT2, 11 PT3, 7 PT4, It was analyzed survival and recurrence of the disease inside of three groups of tumors: Group 1: < 4cm, group 2: 4-7cm and group 3: > 7cm, and the prognostics factors above-mentioned evaluated were nuclear degree, microvascular invasion, presence of committed ganglia and sarcomatous degeneration. RESULTS: The frequency of adverse prognostics factors increase as the tumor size increase. In the group 1, we had only four tumors of high degree and only one shown microvascular invasion that does not committed ganglia or sarcomatous degeneration. In group 2 there was 16 tumors of high degree, 4 sarcomatoses, two with positive microvascular invasion and two with positive ganglia. In group 3, was found 18 tumors of high degree, 15 with microvascular invasion and 7 with positive ganglia and 5 sarcomatoses. There was statistical significance in the specific cancer survival (p=0.002) and free of illness (p=0.0002) between the three groups. CONCLUSION: The evolution of tumors PT1 is distinct for lesser tumors of 4 cm and 4-7 cm fitting the subdivision of these two groups in T1a and T1b.OBJETIVOS: O comportamento do carcinoma de células renais estádio PT1 não está completamente esclarecido. Nós estudamos a presença de fatores prognósticos e tamanho tumoral na recorrência e sobrevida do carcinoma de rim esporádico após tratamento cirúrgico. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados retrospectivamente 120 pacientes, 93 PT1, nove PT2, 11 PT3, sete PT4, seguidos após nefrectomia. Foram analisadas sobrevida e recorrência da doença dentro de três grupos de tumores: grupo 1: < 4cm, grupo 2: 4-7 cm e grupo 3: >7 cm e os fatores prognósticos preditivos avaliados foram grau nuclear, invasão microvascular, presença de gânglios comprometidos e degeneração sarcomatosa RESULTADOS: A freqüência de fatores prognósticos adversos aumenta à medida que aumenta o tamanho do tumor. No grupo 1 tivemos apenas quatro tumores de alto grau e somente um apresentou invasão microvascular não havendo gânglios comprometidos ou degeneração sarcomatosa. No grupo 2 havia 16 tumores de alto grau, quatro sarcomatosos, dois com invasão microvascular positiva e dois com gânglios positivos. No grupo 3, encontraram-se 18 tumores de alto grau, 15 com invasão microvascular e sete com gânglios positivos e cinco sarcomatosos. Houve significância estatística na sobrevida câncer específica (p=0,002) e livre de doença (p=0,0002) entre os três grupos. CONCLUSÃO: A evolução dos tumores PT1 é distinta para tumores menores de 4 cm e de 4-7 cm cabendo a subdivisão destes dois grupos em T1a e T1b