Оценка влияния горных работ на формирование поля напряжений и деформирование выработок в условиях шахты «Нестор»

Наведено результати аналітичних та експериментальних досліджень з оцінки впливу гірничих робіт на напружено-деформований стан покрівлі в умовах шахти «Нестор».The results of analytical and experimental studies on the impact of mining on the stress-strain state of the roof in the mine "Nestor"

Perinatal outcomes after hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in a low resource setting

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate perinatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in an urban sub-Saharan African setting. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 1010 women of less than 17 weeks of gestation was conducted at two antenatal clinics in Accra, Ghana, between July 2012 and March 2014. Information about hypertensive disorders was available for analysis on 789 pregnancies. The main outcomes were pre-term birth, birthweight, Apgar scores, small for gestational age and mortality. Relative risk (RR, 95% confidence interval (CI)) for the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes was assessed using logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders. Results: A total of 88.7% of women remained normotensive, 7.5% developed pregnancy-induced hypertension, 2.0% had chronic hypertension, and 1.7% developed (pre-)eclampsia. No adverse effects were observed in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Women with chronic hypertension were more likely to have a lower gestational age at delivery (38.0 ± 2.3 weeks vs. 39.0 ± 1.9 weeks, P = 0.04) and higher risk of pre-term delivery (aRR 4.63, 95% CI 1.35-15.91). Women with pre-eclampsia had emergency Caesarean section significantly more often (88.9% vs. 50%, P = 0.04), with a higher risk for low birthweight infants (aRR 7.95, 95% CI 1.41-44.80) and a higher risk of neonatal death (aRR 18.41, 95% CI 1.20-283.22). Conclusion: Comparable to high-income countries, in Accra hypertensive disorders during pregnancy were associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes necessitating maternal and newborn care

Perinatal outcomes after hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in a low resource setting

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate perinatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in an urban sub-Saharan African setting. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 1010 women of less than 17 weeks of gestation was conducted at two antenatal clinics in Accra, Ghana, between July 2012 and March 2014. Information about hypertensive disorders was available for analysis on 789 pregnancies. The main outcomes were pre-term birth, birthweight, Apgar scores, small for gestational age and mortality. Relative risk (RR, 95% confidence interval (CI)) for the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes was assessed using logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders. Results: A total of 88.7% of women remained normotensive, 7.5% developed pregnancy-induced hypertension, 2.0% had chronic hypertension, and 1.7% developed (pre-)eclampsia. No adverse effects were observed in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Women with chronic hypertension were more likely to have a lower gestational age at delivery (38.0 ± 2.3 weeks vs. 39.0 ± 1.9 weeks, P = 0.04) and higher risk of pre-term delivery (aRR 4.63, 95% CI 1.35-15.91). Women with pre-eclampsia had emergency Caesarean section significantly more often (88.9% vs. 50%, P = 0.04), with a higher risk for low birthweight infants (aRR 7.95, 95% CI 1.41-44.80) and a higher risk of neonatal death (aRR 18.41, 95% CI 1.20-283.22). Conclusion: Comparable to high-income countries, in Accra hypertensive disorders during pregnancy were associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes necessitating maternal and newborn care

Baseline characteristics of study population and incidence of complications, stratified by uncomplicated and complicated severe pre-eclampsia (n = 50), Ridge Regional Hospital, Accra, Ghana, 2013.

<p>*Complicated severe preeclampsia includes: ‘imminent of eclampsia’, ‘eclampsia’, ‘perinatal mortality’ and ‘one or more WHO criteria of life-threatening conditions’</p><p>** Significant at P<0.05</p><p>SD = standard deviation, SVD = spontaneous vaginal delivery, CS = caesarian section</p><p>^a = Student’s t-test</p><p>^b = Mann-Whitney U test</p><p>^c = Pearson’s Chi-square test</p><p>Baseline characteristics of study population and incidence of complications, stratified by uncomplicated and complicated severe pre-eclampsia (n = 50), Ridge Regional Hospital, Accra, Ghana, 2013.</p

Mean adherence per protocol for total study sample and stratified by uncomplicated and complicated severe pre-eclampsia (n = 50), Ridge Regional Hospital, Accra, Ghana, 2013.

<p>Mean adherence per protocol for total study sample and stratified by uncomplicated and complicated severe pre-eclampsia (n = 50), Ridge Regional Hospital, Accra, Ghana, 2013.</p

The audit cycle (adapted from Crombie et al 1993) [21].

<p>The audit cycle (adapted from Crombie et al 1993) [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0125749#pone.0125749.ref021" target="_blank">21</a>].</p

The cost effectiveness of a quality improvement program to reduce maternal and fetal mortality in a regional referral hospital in Accra, Ghana

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a quality improvement intervention aimed at reducing maternal and fetal mortality in Accra, Ghana.Quasi-experimental, time-sequence intervention, retrospective cost-effectiveness analysis.Data were collected on the cost and outcomes of a 5-year Kybele-Ghana Health Service Quality Improvement (QI) intervention conducted at Ridge Regional Hospital, a tertiary referral center in Accra, Ghana, focused on systems, personnel, and communication. Maternal deaths prevented were estimated comparing observed rates with counterfactual projections of maternal mortality and case-fatality rates for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and obstetric hemorrhage. Stillbirths prevented were estimated based on counterfactual estimates of stillbirth rates. Cost-effectiveness was then calculated using estimated disability-adjusted life years averted and subjected to Monte Carlo and one-way sensitivity analyses to test the importance of assumptions inherent in the calculations.Incremental Cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which represents the cost per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted by the intervention compared to a model counterfactual.From 2007-2011, 39,234 deliveries were affected by the QI intervention implemented at Ridge Regional Hospital. The total budget for the program was $2,363,100. Based on program estimates, 236 (±5) maternal deaths and 129 (±13) intrapartum stillbirths were averted (14,876 DALYs), implying an ICER of$158 ($129-$195) USD. This value is well below the highly cost-effective threshold of $1268 USD. Sensitivity analysis considered DALY calculation methods, and yearly prevalence of risk factors and case fatality rates. In each of these analyses, the program remained highly cost-effective with an ICER ranging from$97-$218.QI interventions to reduce maternal and fetal mortality in low resource settings can be highly cost effective. Cost-effectiveness analysis is feasible and should regularly be conducted to encourage fiscal responsibility in the pursuit of improved maternal and child health