A study on heavy metals accumulation and its uptake by Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] fertilized with Sugar mill effluent and DAP treatment in two cropping seasons

A study was performed under natural environment to compare heavy metal accumulation in soil and Vigna unguiculata L. (Cowpea) irrigated with five rates of SME viz. 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% concentrations and DAP treatment (applied @100Kg/ha i.e. 0.7g / per 5 Kg) and control (Bore well water) separately in both the rainy (Kharif) and summer (Zaid) seasons for 90 days. Results revealed that among various concentration of SME and DAP treatment, irrigation with 100% SME concentration significantly (P<0.001) increased Zn (323.07-341.02 %), Cu (371.23-389.04%), Ni (3666.66-4133.33%), Cd (525.00-725.00%), Cr (1444.4-1477.77%) and Fe (224.08-244.89%) in the soil. In case of V. unguiculata irrigated with different SME concentrations, maximum range of heavy metals such as Zn (2.43-2.98 mg Kg-1), Cu (2.39-2.73 mg Kg-1), Ni (0.55-0.91 mg Kg-1), Cr (1.01-1.21 mg Kg-1), Cd (0.13- 0.17 mg Kg-1), and Fe (5.54-6.18) were observed at 100% concentration of SME than that of DAP treatment in both the cultivated seasons. However, the concentration of all the metals Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr and Fe in soil and plant were lower than toxicity threshold i.e. within the permissible limit. Enrichment factor (Ef) for soil/V. unguiculata was recorded maximum with Ni (37.66-42.33) / (24-30.33) and minimum with Fe (3.24-3.44) / (2.28-2.52) after 90 days of SME irrigation than DAP in both the cropping seasons of Kharif and Zaid. The minimum accumulation of Fe in both soil and crop showed that metals with completely filled d orbitals (d8, Fe) were least incorporated into the V. unguiculata crop

Quantitative structure–activity relationship based modeling of substituted indole Schiff bases as inhibitor of COX-2

AbstractWe have performed the quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) study for N-1 and C-3 substituted indole shiff bases to understand the structural features that influence the inhibitory activity toward the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. The calculated QSAR results revealed that the drug activity could be modeled by using molecular connectivity indices (0χ, 1χ, 2χ), wiener index (W) and mean wiener index (WA) parameters. The predictive ability of models was cross validated by evaluating the low residual activity, appreciable cross validated r2 values (Rcv2) and leave one out (LOO) technique

Numerical Simulations of Magnetoacoustic-Gravity Waves in the Solar Atmosphere

We investigate the excitation of magnetoacoustic-gravity waves generated from localized pulses in the gas pressure as well as in vertical component of velocity. These pulses are initially launched at the top of the solar photosphere that is permeated by a weak magnetic field. We investigate three different configurations of the background magnetic field lines: horizontal, vertical and oblique to the gravitational force. We numerically model magnetoacoustic-gravity waves by implementing a realistic (VAL-C) model of solar temperature. We solve two-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations numerically with the use of the FLASH code to simulate the dynamics of the lower solar atmosphere. The initial pulses result in shocks at higher altitudes. Our numerical simulations reveal that a small-amplitude initial pulse can produce magnetoacoustic-gravity waves, which are later reflected from the transition region due to the large temperature gradient. The atmospheric cavities in the lower solar atmosphere are found to be the ideal places that may act as a resonator for various oscillations, including their trapping and leakage into the higher atmosphere. Our numerical simulations successfully model the excitation of such wave modes, their reflection and trapping, as well as the associated plasma dynamics

EFFECT OF INM PRACTICES ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETER OF ARJUN LEAF PRIMARY HOST PLANT OF Antheraea mylitta D.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Integrated Nutrient Management practices on the different  parameter of Arjun leaf the primary host plant of Antheraea mylitta D. Eleven different combination with three replication were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design at the field of Research Extension Centre, Kapistha. The obtained results showed that morphological, Physiological and Biochemical parameter of Arjun leaf showed significant difference. The Arjun leaf length was recorded highest in K11 (17cm) was on par with K9 (17cm). Highest leaf breadth was recorded in K10 (6.2cm) was applied with 75%RDF+Poultry manure+ AB+PSB. Leaf weight was recorded highest in K7 (2.84g), lowest in K1(1.21g). Number of leaves was recorded highest in K6 (1816) over the control. The leaf yield was recorded highest in K11 (3735). Leaves dry matter production was highest in K8 (469.56g) over the control. Relative water content was highest in K5 (87.3%). The initial Electrical Conductivity was recorded highest in K9 (0.037dSm-1) and after 10 min EC was found to highest in K9 (0.111dSm-1). The Chlorophyll ’a’ was recorded highest in K9 (3.39), Chl’b’(2.36)and total chlorophyll in K9(5.75) was recorded highest. The result were found significant due to effect of INM practices which provided the nutrients element needed by plants. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2022.v09i01.00

Study of heat transport by stationary magneto-convection in a Newtonian liquid under temperature or gravity modulation using Ginzburg-Landau model

The present paper deals with a weak non-linear stability problem of magneto-convection in an electrically conducting Newtonian fluid, confined between two horizontal surfaces, under a constant vertical magnetic field, and subjected to an imposed time-periodic boundary temperature (ITBT) or gravity modulation (ITGM). In the case of ITBT, the temperature gradient between the walls of the fluid layer consists of a steady part and a time-dependent oscillatory part. The temperature of both walls is modulated in this case. In the problem involving ITGM, the gravity field has two parts: a constant part and an externally imposed time periodic part, which can be realized by oscillating the fluid layer. The disturbance is expanded in terms of power series of amplitude of convection, which is assumed to be small. Using Ginzburg-Landau equation, the effect of modulations on heat transport is analyzed. Effect of various parameters on the heat transport is also discussed.© 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd

Mycorrhizal Fungi Regulate Root Responses and Leaf Physiological Activities in Trifoliate Orange

Plant responses to mycorrhization are mediated through secretion of certain signal molecules deposited in mycorrhizosphere in response to environmental stimuli. Responses of four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), namely Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Diversispora versiformis, Funneliformis mosseae, and Rhizoglomus intraradices on root morphology, lateral root (LR) number, and leaf carbohydrates, nitric oxide (NO), and calmodulin (CaM) changes were studied using trifoliate orange. Inoculation response of D. versiformis, F. mosseae, and R. intraradices registered significantly higher plant growth performance (plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and shoot and root biomass), root morphological traits (total length, projected area, surface area, and volume), and LR number (first-, second-, third-, and forth-order), compared to un-inoculated response. Higher concentrations of CaM, NO, glucose, and fructose and lower sucrose level in leaves were observed in AMF-seedlings than in non-AMF seedlings. Correlation studies further revealed, root morphological traits and LR numbers were significantly negatively correlated with sucrose whereas positively correlated with glucose, fructose, NO, and CaM level in leaves. These results suggested, AMF-induced root modification is routed through sucrose cleavage and partly through changes in NO and CaM

Effects of integrated nutrient management on agronomical attributes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) under field conditions

In this investigation the effects of different integrated nutrient management on agronomical attrib-utes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. F1 Hybrid Arka Rakshak) under field conditions were investigated. Ten nutrients treatments viz., without nutrient (control) (T1), recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (T2), agro residue vermicompost (ARV) @ 5 t ha-1 (T3), sugarcane pressmud compost (SPC) @ 5 t ha-1 (T4), cattle dung compost (CDC) @ 12.5 t ha-1 (T5), sewage sludge (SS) @ 2 t ha-1 (T6), T7 (50 % RDF + ARV @ 5 t ha-1), T8 (50 % RDF + SPC @ 5 t ha-1), T9 (50 % RDF + CDC @ 12.5 t ha-1) and T10 (50% RDF + SS @ 2 t ha-1) were used for the cultivation of L. esculentum. The results showed that different treatments showed significant (P-0.05/P-0.01) change in EC, OC, TKN, PO43-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn of the soil. Among various treatments the most plant height, root length, dry weight, chlorophyll content, LAI, number of flowers/plant, fruits/plant, crop yield/plant, and biochemical ingredient like crude protein, dietary fiber, total carbohydrates and total sugar of L. esculentum was recorded with 50% RDF + ARV @ 5 t ha-1. The agronomical performance of L. esculentum was recorded in the order of T7 > T10 > T9 > T8 > T3 > T6 > T5 > T4 > T2 > T1 treatments. Thus, sole ARV and 50% RDF along with ARV @ 5 t ha-1 can be used to achieve the maximum crop yield of L. esculentum

Modeling and optimal control of dengue disease with screening and information

This study presents a mathematical model for dengue transmission which quantifies two very important aspects: one, the impact of information-based behavioural response, and the other, the segregation of infected human population into two subclasses, ‘detected’ and ‘undetected’. For the proposed model, the sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the key model parameters which not only influence the basic reproduction number, but also regulate the transmission of dengue. Further, in order to find the optimal pathways for suitable control interventions that reduce the dengue prevalence and economic burden, an optimal control problem is proposed by considering information-induced behavioural change, quarantine, screening, use of repulsive measures and culling of mosquitoes as control interventions. A weighted sum of various costs incurred in applied controls and the cost due to dengue disease (productivity loss) is incorporated in the proposed cost functional. The analysis of control system using Pontryagin’s maximum principle leads the existence of the optimal control profiles. Further, an exhaustive comparative study for seven different control strategies is conducted numerically. Our findings emphasize that every individual control strategy has their own impact on reducing the cumulative count of infection as well as cost. The combined impact of all control interventions is highly effective and economically viable in controlling the prevalence of dengue. We also investigated the effect of the basic reproduction number on the designed control strategies and observed that the comprehensive use of controls keeps a strong tab on the infective even if the severity of epidemic is high