Grid bandwidth Minimization Problem: Simulated Annealing Approach

The Grid Bandwidth Minimization Problem (GBMP) is to find an embedding of a given graph  into a host graph  such that the bandwidth over all edges is minimised. It is an NP-complete problem with applications in VLSI circuit design, numerical analysis, computational biology, graph theory and scheduling. In this paper, a Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm is developed for GBMP in which initial solution is generated using two problem-specific construction heuristics. Four neighborhood strategies are designed to explore the search space. Experiments conducted on benchmark instances achieve results which fall within the bounds whereas for grid graphs it attains optimal values

10-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)-9-(4-fluoro­phen­yl)-3,3,6,6-tetra­methyl-3,4,6,7,9,10-hexa­hydro­acridine-1,8(2H,5H)-dione

The title compound, C29H29ClFNO2, was synthesized by the reaction of 4-fluoro­benzaldehyde, 5,5-dimethyl­cyclo­hexane-1,3-dione and 3-(4-chloro­phenyl­amino)-5,5-dimethyl­cyclo­hex-2-enone in an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methyl­imidazolium bromide). X-ray analysis reveals that the 1,4-dihydro­pyridine ring adopts a boat conformation, while each of the attached partially saturated six-membered rings adopts a half-chair conformation. The structure is stabilized by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds. The mol­ecule has approximate mirror symmetry; the largest deviation from this symmetry concerns the fluoro- and chloro­phenyl rings

Pharmacological evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. extract for Anti-diarrhoeal Activity

The present study provides the pharmacological evaluation of stem bark extract of Jatropha curcas L. for anti-diarrhoeal activity in rats. We made an attempt to study the effect of stem bark extract of Jatropha curcas L. on diarrhoeal disease. The different activities studied were castor oil-induced diarrhoea, magnesium sulphate induced diarrhoea and charcoal meal transit test. The result of the study reflected that methanol extract of the stem bark (100, 300 mg/kg) decreased total no. of faeces, wet faeces and distance travelled by charcoal plug and showed the anti-diarrhoeal activity. Jatropha curcas L. extract demonstrates the anti-diarrhoeal activity in rats

Development of GeO2 -BaF2 based glass ceramic

In the present work, the glass of composition 45GeO2–10 Na2CO3 ¬-10NaF–10ZnF2 – 25BaF2 (mol %) was prepared to investigate the crystallization behavior of BaF2 in the parent glass matrix. To accelerate the crystallization and to develop the up conversion fluorescence property ErF3 was doped in 0.5%, 1 % and 1.5 % (mol %). NH4F was added to compensate the fluorine loss. The glass composition was changed to 65GeO2–15 Na2CO3 – 5ZnO – 15BaF2 (mol %) due to excess of BaF2 phase in the original composition leading to high temperature of glass melting & crystallization of GeO2 before the crystallization of BaF2 . The casted glass was subjected to thermal treatment between 550 – 8000C at a heating rate of 1-20 C/min for different soaking time ranging from 1 hr to 5hr. To observe the effect of rare earth on crystallization, glass samples were examined under DSC to find the crystallization temperature. Phase authentication was carried out using X-Ray diffraction analysis

Childhood retroperitoneal teratomas: 5 years of experience in a tertiary-care hospital

Background Retroperitoneal teratomas are rare paediatric neoplasms. One should be well versed with the presenting features, relationship with surrounding vital organs and the extent of tumour before operating.Aim The present study was planned to highlight the presenting symptoms, preoperative investigatory findings, intraoperative findings, follow-up protocol and the surgeons’ experience in handling these huge tumours.Setting and design This was a retrospective, tertiary-care hospital-based study.Patients and methods Patients with retroperitoneal teratomas operated between 2010 and 2015 were studied in detail. All the data were collected from case files.Results During the mentioned period, there were seven patients including four males and three females. There was no side predilection (three right, two midline, one left and one lesser omentum). All the tumours were completely excised, and histopathology confirmed the benign nature in all cases. All patients were followed-up with postoperative ultrasound and were found to be normal.Conclusion Retroperitoneal teratomas are benign tumours, and complete excision is curative

Rapid screening and distribution of bioactive compounds in different parts of Berberis petiolaris using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry

AbstractBerberis petiolaris Wall. ex G. Don, an unexplored medicinal plant belonging to the family Berberidaceae, is a large deciduous shrub found in Western Himalaya between 1800–3000m. Chemical profiling of fruit, leaf, root and stem was done by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry followed by multivariate analysis for discrimination among the plant parts. The bioactive compounds, including magnoflorine, berberine, jatrorrhizine, thalifendine/berberrubine, demethyleneberberine, reticuline, 8-oxoberberine, N-methyltetrahydroberberine, tetrahydropalmatine, tetrahydroberberine and palmatine, were identified by their exact mass measurement and the corresponding molecular formula of each compound. A comparative study of distribution pattern for all these bioactive alkaloids showed qualitative and quantitative variations in different parts of B. petiolaris. Principal component analysis clearly discriminated each part of B. petiolaris plant

Assessment of genotoxicity induced by helminthes parasites in freshwater fishes of river Ganges

Several parasites have been shown to induce genotoxicity in humans and fish are important intermediate hosts for completing the life cycle of many parasites, posing a huge economic loss worldwide through the ecosystem food chain. In the present study, we assessed the genotoxic potential of helminth Rostellascaris sp. through a benchmark of comet assay and micronucleus (MNi) tests on the hepatocytes, muscle, and whole blood of infected fish Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton) collected from different sites of the river Ganges. The percentage of the mean tail length of the comet was 10.28±0.36 in the reticulocytes of the infected fish which was significantly (P ˂0.05) longer compared to the control (2.86±0.12). Similarly, a significantly (P ˂0.05) higher DNA damage was observed in hepatocytes of parasite-infected fish (12.15±0.24) when compared to the control (3.024±0.013). A comparatively higher DNA damage was observed in the hepatocytes than the reticulocytes, indicative of tissue-specific DNA damage as hepatocytes are the biomarkers of metabolic functions prone toward biotic stress. A higher induction of MN was observed in infested fish (0.18±0.07) as compared to the control. Our results suggest that parasites contribute to the induction of cellular and DNA damage in fish during the progression of the host-parasite interaction

Childhood sacrococcygeal teratoma: a clinicopathological study

Background: Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a relatively uncommon tumor affecting neonates, infants, and children with a female preponderance. Age is an important predictor of malignancy in SCT. Early antenatal diagnosis influences the management and provides a better outcome. Aim: The present study was carried out to describe in detail various clinicopathological features and outcome of SCT patients; as many reports are available from the West, there is a paucity of literature on this entity from the Eastern region, especially India, which has a unique socioeconomic and demographic background. Materials and methods: The study included 52 patients of SCT operated for 16 years from 2000 to 2015. A retrospective review of various parameters was done from the medical case records available in the Department of Pediatric Surgery (PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India). Result: There were 40 females and 12 males with age ranging from newborn to 13 years. Thirty-three children (63%) presented in the neonatal age group. There were 40 cases of benign (mature), 7 immature and 5 malignant teratomas. Four cases had a recurrence on follow-up. Out of 52 patients, 7 died while the others are doing well on follow-up. Conclusion: A prenatal diagnosis of SCT is essential for reducing morbidity and mortality. Delayed presentation and the presence of malignant changes continue to be poor prognostic factors. Strict follow-up by clinical examination, ultrasound and tumor markers is mandatory to look for any recurrence