A Hybrid Digital Watermarking Approach Using Wavelets and LSB

The present paper proposed a novel approach called Wavelet based Least Significant Bit Watermarking (WLSBWM) for high authentication, security and copyright protection. Alphabet Pattern (AP) approach is used to generate shuffled image in the first stage and Pell’s Cat Map (PCM) is used for providing more security and strong protection from attacks. PCM applied on each 5×5 sub images. A wavelet concept is used to reduce the dimensionality of the image until it equals to the size of the watermark image. Discrete Cosign Transform is applied in the first stage; later N level Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is applied for reducing up to the size of the watermark image. The water mark image is inserted in LHn Sub band of the wavelet image using LSB concept. Simulation results show that the proposed technique produces better PSNR and similarity measure. The experimental results indicate that the present approach is more reliable and secure efficient.The robustness of the proposed scheme is evaluated against various image-processing attacks

Effect of Fertigation on Growth and Yield of Turmeric Cv. Mydukur

A field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Anantharajupet, to study the effect of fertigation on growth and yield of turmeric to standardize the quantum of fertilizers to be given through fertigation for improving the productivity of turmeric. This experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with 4 replications. The treatments consisted of T1 (100% RDF through drip), T2 (75% RDF through drip), T3 (50 % RDF through drip), T4 (100 % RDF through soil and drip irrigation) and control (100 % RDF through soil and conventional irrigation). RDF, i.e., recommended dose of fertilizers comprised of 180 Kg N, 60 Kg P2 O5 and 120 Kg K2O ha-1. In the case of T1-T3, N and K alone was applied through drip, while, phosphorus was applied as basal dose. Data of three seasons showed that, there was significant difference between farmers' practice and fertigation treatments and it was observed that the treatment in which 100% fertilizers was applied through drip recorded the maximum plant height (99.36 cm), number of tillers per plant (3.41) and fresh rhizome yield (12.24 t acre-1) this was on par with the treatment in which 75% fertilizers were applied through drip. The B:C ratio was highest (1.49) in plants supplied with 75% RDF through drip. This shows that, fertigation with 75% RDF through drip in turmeric is profitable

Polychaete community structure of Vasishta Godavari estuary, east coast of India

The community structure of polychaete fauna from the Vasishta Godavari estuary was analyzed in this study. The data presented in this paper were collected during 1976 - 78 and published in 1983, and now re-analysed using PRIMER 6.1, CANOCO 4.5. The polychaetes were collected from a 16 km stretch of the lower Vasishta Godavari estuary (16o18’N lat., 81o42’E long.) during flood, summer and recovery seasons at 6 permanent stations. Altogether 216 sediment samples were analysed and 73 polychaete taxa were identified. Polychaete diversity was higher (Shannon-Wiener H’: 1.94±0.28) in samples from recovery season relative to summer season (H’: 1.54±0.44) and flood season (H’: 1.44±0.024). Using multivariate statistical techniques two polychaete associations could be recognised from the Vasishta Godavari estuary, namely Heteromastus similis, Nephthys oligobranchia and Indonereis gopalai assemblage Group 1 (samples from recovery and summer season) and Group 2 (samples from flood season). Group 2 did not reveal any particular species from flood season samples. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that sand, salinity, clay and temperature have influenced the polychaete distribution. This study therefore provides key information on the biodiversity of polychaete communities of the Vasishta Godavari estuary

Numerical analysis of C.I engine to control emissions using exhaust gas recirculation and advanced start of injection

AbstractAs major limitation of diesel engines is the high soot and nitrogen oxide emissions which cannot be reduced totally with only conventional catalytic converters today, varying fuel characteristics became a focus of interest to meet the pollution emission legislations as they require very few or no changes in existing engine model. The present work deals with, numerical analysis of combined effect of Advanced Start of Injection (SOI) and Exhaust Gas Re-circulation (EGR) on performance and emissions which were studied, by performing numerical analysis on a Caterpillar 3401 single cylinder C.I engine model at constant speed using diesel as fuel via three dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) procedures and validated with experimental data. The SOI is advanced from 11° Crank angle bTDC to 14.5° Crank angle bTDC and EGR as a fraction is increased from 0% to 10%. The modified conditions of these parameters resulted in simultaneous reduction of NOx and Soot

Productivity Enhancement through Production Monitoring System

A production monitoring system uses the real time data while production is online. The real time production monitoring systems are designed as means of auto data to collection and monitoring the data via display boards. This study focuses on analysing the real time production monitoring systems through trend analysis in production and over consumption of raw material controlling the over consumption's in a pen manufacturing industry. Methodology followed is through process flow diagram, collection of data, analysis of data. Pre and post analysis was conducted to identify the factors responsible for over consumption and causal factors responsible for the over consumption were identified to reduce the cost of consumption by 58% with introduction of production monitoring system

Methodology, results and discussion

There are many research and review articles published on sweet sorghum. However, no single publication gives a detailed account of the morpho-biochemical traits of improved tropical sweet sorghum cultivars. This chapter gives detailed account of the materials used, methods followed for data collection and analysis to characterise sweet sorghum genotypes following the guidelines of Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act, 2001 (PPVFRA). The pooled analysis of variance for quantitative traits revealed that these cultivars had significant differences between them for the expression of all the quantitative characters under study for both the seasons. The results revealed that the productivity levels of tropical sweet sorghums during post-rainy season (October–March) are generally low due to photo-sensitivity and thermo-sensitivity of the genotypes vis-a-vis that of rainy season (June–October) and necessitates identifying new sources/alleles contributing to both biomass and sugar yiel

A charge density study of an intramolecular charge-transfer quinoid compound with strong NLO properties

An experimental charge density investigation of 7,7-di[(S)-(+)-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidino]-8,8-dicyanoquinodimethane establishes the presence of a large charge separation as well as a high in-crystal dipole moment compared to the free molecule in frozen geometry, consistent with the high SHG activity of the compound

Hydrogen bonding patterns in the cocrystals of 5-nitrouracil with several donor and acceptor molecules

Cocrystals of 5-nitrouracil with solvent molecules, dioxane, pyridine, DMSO, formamide and ethanol as well as with piperazine, N, N'-dimethylpiperazine, 3-aminopyridine and diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane obtained by deliberate inclusion, have been examined by X-ray crystallography. The tape structure found in the parent centric form of nitrouracil is retained with some modifications in the cocrystals with dioxane, piperazine, diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane, N,N'-dimethylpiperazine, pyridine and DMSO, with the guest molecules forming alternate tapes. In cocrystals involving formamide, ethanol and 3-aminopyridine, the molecular tapes exhibit mixed compositions. The observed bonding patterns have been classified into six schemes. Interestingly, quadruple type hydrogen bonding patterns are seen in cocrystals containing 3-aminopyridine or ethanol and water, while a network of acyclic tetrahedral pentamers of water is found in the cocrystal containing diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane and water

A Variable Control Chart Based on Process Capability Index Under Generalized Multiple Dependent State Sampling

This paper proposed a process capability index-based control chart under the new extended form of multiple-dependent state sampling (MDS) named generalized MDS (GMDS). The scheme is based on inner and outer control limits and utilizes the previous state of the samples. The performance comparisons of the proposed chart with the existing charts are made by using out-of-control ARL. The simulation study showed the superiority of the proposed chart over the existing PCI-based control charts under Shewhart and MDS schemes. An empirical illustration is also given to demonstrate the application of the proposed chart.11Ysciescopu