Aerobic exercise training prevents perivascular adipose tissue-induced endothelial dysfunction in thoracic aorta of obese mice

The mechanisms underlying the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) dysfunction in obesity are closely related to inflammation and oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on PVAT-induced endothelial dysfunction of thoracic aorta of obese mice. Methods: Male mice C57BL6/JUnib (6-7 weeks) were divided into: sedentary (c-SD), trained (c-TR), obese sedentary (o-SD), and obese trained (o-TR). Obesity was induced by 16 weeks of high-fat diet and exercise training of moderate intensity started after 8 weeks of protocol and was performed on a treadmill, 5 days/week, for more 8 weeks, 60 min per session. The vascular responsiveness was performed in thoracic aorta in the absence (PVAT-) or in the presence (PVAT+) of PVAT. We analyzed circulatory parameters, protein expression, vascular nitric oxide (NO) production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PVAT. Results: The maximal responses to acetylcholine (ACh) were reduced in PVAT+ compared with PVAT- rings in the o-SD group, accompanied by an increase in circulating glucose, insulin, resistin, leptin, and TNF-alpha. Additionally, the protein expression of iNOS and generation of ROS were increased in PVAT and production of vascular NO was reduced in the o-SD group compared with c-SD. In the o-TR group, the relaxation response to ACh was completely restored and the circulatory TNF-alpha, iNOS protein expression, and ROS were normalized with increased expression of Mn-SOD in PVAT, resulting in enhanced vascular NO production. Conclusion: The PVAT-induced endothelial dysfunction in thoracic aorta of obese mice, associated with circulatory inflammation and oxidative stress. Aerobic exercise training upregulated the anti-oxidant expression and decreased PVAT oxidative stress with beneficial impact on endothelium-dependent relaxation10FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2013/02960-1FAPESPFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2013/02960-1]; FAEPEX [0315/14

Perivascular adipose tissue and vascular responses in healthy trained rats

Aims: The importance of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in vascular function has recently been recognized. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of exercise training on anticontractile responses of periaortic adipose tissue.Main methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (SD) and trained (TR). Running training was performed for 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. Concentration-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), phenylephrine (PHE) and serotonin (5-HT) were obtained in aortic rings without (PVAT-) or with (PVAT+) PVAT. The protein expressions of eNOS, AMPK alpha, pAMPKThr172 and mtTFA were determined in PVAT. The contents of adiponectin, leptin and TNF-alpha were evaluated systemically and locally.Key findings: The PVAT+ rings did not modify the relaxing responses to ACh and SNP whereas it showed anticontractile effects for both PHE and 5-HT agents in the SD and TR groups. The amount of PVAT was markedly reduced in TR (3.6 +/- 03 mg/mm) compared with SD (6.8 +/- 0.6 mg/mm). Increased protein expressions of eNOS, pAMPKThr172 and mtTFA were observed in PVAT from TR animals, without modifications in PVAT-derived adiponectin, leptin and TNF-alpha. Circulatory leptin levels were reduced in TR without changes in adiponectin.Significance: Our findings show that exercise training for 8 weeks did not alter the anticontractile effects induced by PVAT in rat-isolated aorta. Moreover, PVAT-derived adipokine, adiponectin and leptin levels were not different in trained healthy animals despite a significant metabolic adaptation and reduction in periaortic adipose tissue amount. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Circulating concentrations of adipocytokines and their receptors in the isolate corpus cavernosum and femoral artery from trained rats on a high-fat diet

The aim of the present study was to evaluate different signaling pathways by which exercise training would interfere in endothelial function in obesity. Therefore, we examined adipocytokine levels and their receptors in the corpus cavernosum and femoral artery from trained rats on a high-fat diet. Methods: Functional experiments were performed in control sedentary and trained rats, and sedentary (h-SD) and trained male Wistar rats on a high-fat diet (h-TR). Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated in vascular tissue. Circulating adipocytokines and their receptors were analyzed. Results: In the h-SD group, the maximal responses to acetylcholine (ACh) were reduced in the femoral artery and corpus cavernosum as well as the electrical field stimulation, accompanied by an increase in circulating insulin, leptin, TNF-alpha, MCP-1, and PAI-1. Downregulation of ObR protein expression in the femoral artery was observed without alterations in AdipoR1 and TNFR1 in both prepara-tions. A positive effect was observed in the h-TR group regarding the relaxation response to ACh and circulating adipocytokines, resulting in increased NO production and reduced ROS generation. Exercise restored the ObR protein expression only in the femoral artery. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training ameliorated the inflammatory adipocytokines and restored the relaxation responses in the corpus cavernosum and femoral artery in rats on a high-fat diet5413350CNPQ – CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO441514/2014-62013/26886-