Cardiac Cell Senescence and Redox Signaling

Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of the ability of the organism to cope with stressors and to repair tissue damage. As a result, chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, increase their prevalence with aging, underlining the existence of common mechanisms that lead to frailty and age-related diseases. In this frame, the progressive decline of the homeostatic and reparative function of primitive cells has been hypothesized to play a major role in the evolution of cardiac pathology to heart failure. Although initially it was believed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced in an unregulated manner as a byproduct of cellular metabolism, causing macromolecular damage and aging, accumulating evidence indicate the major role played by redox signaling in physiology. Aim of this review is to critically revise evidence linking ROS to cell senescence and aging and to provide evidence of the primary role played by redox signaling, with a particular emphasis on the multifunctional protein APE1/Ref in stem cell biology. Finally, we will discuss evidence supporting the role of redox signaling in cardiovascular cells

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Micophenolate Mofetil in Cardiac Transplant Patients by Limited Sampling Strategy: An Update

In the last few years, much progress in avoiding acute and chronic rejection in transplanted patients has been made by introducing new and more effective drugs with different formulations and combinations, and fewer side effects. Standardized protocols have been proposed for different organs, but individualized therapy based on immunosuppressive therapy blood monitoring is necessary because of pharmacological interaction, new generic drug introductions, and different absorptions and biodistributions. In specific mycophenolate mofetil dosing through mycophenolic acid (MPA), therapeutic drug monitoring has demonstrated minimal risk of organ transplant rejection. Even if the MPA area under the 12 h concentration–time curve is more accurate than MPA levels, it appears to be resource consuming and clinically impractical because of the need for numerous blood samples. Limited sampling strategy (LLS) has been proposed to overcome this problem. In heart-transplanted patients, MPA LSS is useful in guiding clinical management and dosing. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the state of the art of MPA LSS employment in heart transplantation and to perform an update of the scientific literature

Estratégias de motivação no treinamento de força

Com o crescimento do número de alunos nas academias e a maior busca pelo Treinamento de Força (TF), tornou-se cada vez mais importante entender os motivos que leva a praticar a modalidade e os fatores que fazem os mesmos se sentirem motivados. Sabendo desses aspectos conseguiremos direcionar a que ponto a motivação vai ser determinante para a permanência do aluno nesse tipo de treinamento e como podemos atingi-los. A motivação é o grande componente na prática regular de exercícios físicos, o principal fator para que o aluno se mantenha focado e que permaneça fiel às aulas, o quão importante é o papel do profissional de Educação Física/Treinador (a) para que o aluno permaneça frequente e se sentindo motivado na prática. Objetivo: Identificar os impactos gerados na prática regular do Treinamento de Força a partir do uso de estratégias de motivação nas academias da cidade de Flores da Cunha - RS. Materiais e Métodos: Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória com viés transversal. A amostra, por conveniência, contou com 67 indivíduos, sendo 36 do sexo masculino e 31 do sexo feminino, com idade entre 18 a 70 anos, frequentadores de academias da cidade de Flores da Cunha, localizadas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário fechado, autoaplicável e contendo 12 questões. Para o tratamento estatístico, foi utilizado o software IBM ® SSPS Statistics 21.0 e o programa Microsoft Excel onde foram calculadas medidas descritivas (médias, desvio padrão, frequências e porcentagens). Resultados: Através da análise de dados, foi constatado dos 67 participantes da pesquisa, (32,5%) buscam qualidade de vida na pratica do TF, (32,5%) alegam que o acompanhamento do profissional de Educação Física (EFI) os motiva para se manter na modalidade. Em relação ao total dos participantes (21,6%) já abandonaram a prática devido alguma lesão ou cirurgia, (32,4%) afirma que a mudança na estrutura da academia pode ser determinante para a motivação. Já (61,2%) afirma que os resultados obtidos com o TF motivam bastante e (70,14%) sente-se motivado com um acompanhamento mais próximo do profissional de EFI. Considerações finais: Com os dados coletados podemos concluir que a motivação ocorre de duas formas intrínseca e extrínseca segundo a Teoria da Autodeterminação (TAD) e, ambas são importantes para manter o aluno focado na modalidade. No sexo feminino a busca pelo TF acontece mais pela qualidade de vida, já no masculino acontece devido a estética e, percebemos também que o acompanhamento dos profissionais de EFI e a estrutura da academia são determinantes para manter os alunos motivados. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]With the increase in the number of students in the academies and the greater search for Strength Training (TF), it has become increasingly important to understand the reasons that lead to practice the sport and the factors that make them feel motivated. Knowing these aspects we will be able to direct to what extent the motivation will be decisive for the student's permanence in this type of training and how we can achieve them. Motivation is the major component in regular physical exercise, the main factor for the student to stay focused and stay faithful to classes, how important the role of the Physical Education professional / Trainer is for the student stay frequent and feel motivated in practice. Objective: To identify the impacts generated in the regular practice of Strength Training from the use of motivation strategies in gyms in the city of Flores da Cunha - RS. Materials and Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and exploratory research with a transversal bias. The sample, for convenience, consisted of 67 individuals, 36 males and 31 females, aged between 18 and 70 years, attending gymnasiums in the city of Flores da Cunha, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The instrument used was a closed, self-administered questionnaire containing 12 questions. For the statistical treatment, the IBM ® SSPS Statistics 21.0 software and the Microsoft Excel program were used, where descriptive measures (means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages) were calculated. Results: Through data analysis, it was found out of the 67 research participants, (32.5%) seek quality of life in the practice of TF, (32.5%) claim that the monitoring of the Physical Education professional (EFI) motivates you to stay in the sport. In relation to the total number of participants (21.6%), they have already abandoned the practice due to an injury or surgery, (32.4%) affirms that the change in the structure of the gym can be decisive for motivation. Already (61.2%) affirms that the results obtained with TF motivate a lot and (70.14%) feel motivated with a closer monitoring by the EFI professional. Final considerations: With the data collected you can conclude that motivation occurs in two ways, intrinsic and extrinsic according to the Theory of Self-Determination (TAD) and both are important to keep the student focused on the modality. In the female sex, the search for TF happens more for quality of life, in the male, it happens due to aesthetics, and that the monitoring of EFI professionals and the structure of the academy are crucial to keep students motivated. [resumo fornecido pelo autor

BIODIVERSIDAD EN VENEZUELA. ARÁCNIDOS. DESCRIPCIÓN DE UNA NUEVA ESPECIE DEL GÉNERO TITYUS KOCH, 1836 (BUTHIDAE) Y TRES DEL GENERO CHACTAS GERVAIS, 1844 (CHACTIDAE). ESCORPIONES DE LOS ALREDEDORES DEL CARACAS, DISTRITO METROPOLITANO.

Se describen cuatro especies nuevas de escorpiones TiIyus kalettaz, (Buthídae), Chactas granulosus. Chactas hatilloensis y Cha ctas turguaenszs (Chactídae) Habitan en localidades situadas alrededor de Caracas, Distrito Metropolitano, en localidades variables entre 850 y 1100 metros Presentamos dibujos con los caracteres morfológicos significativos para diagnosticar las especies, éstos fueron realizados por el autor usando una lupa estereoscópica, éste mismo equipo se usó para tomar los caracteres morfométricos Las localidades típicas están señaladas en un mapa

DESCRIPCIÓN DE SEIS NUEVAS ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO BLECHROSCELIS (ARANEAE: PHOLCIDAE)

Describimos seis nuevas especies del género Blechroscelis de la familia Pholcidae: Blechroscelis aquoso n. sp., Blechroscelis araguanus n. sp., Blechroscelis lechroscelis n. sp., Blechroscelis copeyensis n. sp., Blechroscelis cordillerano n. sp. y Blechroscelis andinensis n. sp. Presentamos dibujos con los caracteres morfológicos significativos, tablas con la morfometría y en un mapa señalamos las localidades típicas

Miriápodos de Venezuela. Diez nuevas especies del género Rhinocricus (Spirobolida: Rhinocricidae)

Se describen diez nuevas especies del género Rhinocricus de la familia Rhinocricidae: Rhinocricus aragüensis, Rhinocricus autanensis, Rhinocricus avilensis, Rhinocricus caripensis, Rhinocricus carupanensis, Rhinocricus cuirensis, Rhinocricus charallavensis, Rhinocricus chiguaraensis, Rhinocricus tacataensis y Rhinocricus vargaensis. Habitan en el bosque tropical. Presentamos dibujos con los caracteres morfológicos significativos para separar las especies y un mapa donde se pueden identificar las localidades típicas

Biodiversidad en Venezuela. Arácnidos. Descripción de Cuatro nuevas especies del Genero Tityus Koch, 1836 (Escorpiones : Buthidae) de los Estados Bolivar y Amazonas.

Se describen cuatro nuevas especies del género Tityus (Buthidae): Tityus acanañensis, Tityus maniapurensis, Tityus ventuarensis y Tityus yerenai. Habitan en localidades situadas en los Estados Bolívar y Amazonas en altitudes variables entre 100 y 500 metros. Presentamos dibujos con los caracteres morfológicos signifi cativos para identificar las especies, estos fueron realizados por el autor, usando una lupa estereoscópica; tablas con los caracteres morfométricos y un mapa dondeestán señaladas las localidades típicas

ARÁCNIDOS DEVENEZUELA. TRES NUEVOS GÉNEROS Y CUATRO NUEVAS ESPECIES DE LA FAMILIA PHOLCIDAE (ARANEAE)

Se describen tres géneros nuevos y cuatro nuevas especies de la familia Pholcidae: Codazziella pilosa, Coroia magna, Rioparaguanus spinosus y Stenosfemuraia cuadrata; con figuras se ilustran los caracteres morfológicos importantes para identificar los géneros y las especies; se presentan tablas con los caracteres morfométricos; un mapa permite conocer la localidad típica de cada especie.   Palabras claves: Biodiversidad. Arácnidos. Araneae. Familia Pholcidae. Nuevos géneros. Nuevas especies. Venezuela.   ABSTRACT This paper characterizes three new genera and four new species of the Pholcidae family: Codazziella pilosa, Coroia magna, Rioparaguanus spinosus, and Stenosfemuraia cuadrata. Figures illustrating the morphological characters identify the genera and the species. The morphometric characters are indicated in tables. A map shows the typical habitat for each species. Key words: Biodiversity, arachnids, Araneae, Pholcidae family, new genera, new species

Therapeutic decision-making for patients with fluctuating mitral regurgitation

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common, progressive, and difficult-to-manage disease. MR is dynamic in nature, with physiological fluctuations occurring in response to various stimuli such as exercise and ischaemia, which can precipitate the development of symptoms and subsequent cardiac events. In both chronic primary and secondary MR, the dynamic behaviour of MR can be reliably examined during stress echocardiography. Dynamic fluctuation of MR can also have prognostic value; patients with a marked increase in regurgitant volume or who exhibit increased systolic pulmonary artery pressure during exercise have lower symptom-free survival than those who do not experience significant changes in MR and systolic pulmonary artery pressure during exercise. Identifying patients who have dynamic MR, and understanding the mechanisms underlying the condition, can potentially influence revascularization strategies (such as the surgical restoration of coronary blood flow) and interventional treatment (including cardiac resynchronization therapy and new approaches targeted to the mitral valve)