Can the Brazilian caffeine expectancy questionnaires differentiate the CYP1A2 and ADORA2A gene polymorphisms? : an exploratory study with Brazilian athletes

This study investigated the ability of the Brazilian Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ-BR), full and brief versions, to differentiate genetic profiles regarding the polymorphisms of the CYP1A2 (rs 762551) and ADORA2A (rs 5751876) genes in a cohort of Brazilian athletes. Onehundred and fifty participants were genotyped for CYP1A2 and ADORA2A. After the recruitment and selection phase, 71 (90% male and 10% female, regular caffeine consumers) completed the CaffEQ-BR questionnaires and a self-report online questionnaire concerning sociodemographic data, general health status, and frequency of caffeine consumption. The order of completion of the CaffEQBR questionnaires was counterbalanced. The concordance between the full and brief versions of the CaffEQ-BR was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). To determine the discriminatory capacity of the questionnaires for genotype, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied for sensitivity and specificity (significance level of 5%). Mean caffeine intake was 244 161 mg day1. The frequency of AA genotypes for CYP1A2 was 47.9% (n = 34) and 52.1% (n = 37) for C-allele carriers (AC and CC). The frequencies of TT genotypes for ADORA2A were 22.7% (n = 15) and 77.3% (n = 51) for C-allele carriers (TC and CC). All CaffEQ-BR factors, for the full and brief versions, were ICCs > 0.75, except for factor 6 (anxiety/negative effects; ICC = 0.60), and presented ROC curve values from 0.464 to 0.624 and 0.443 to 0.575 for CYP1A2 and ADORA2A. Overall, the CaffEQ-BR (full and brief versions) did not show discriminatory capacity for CYP1A2 and ADORA2A gene polymorphisms. In conclusion, the CaffEQ-BR was not able to differentiate genotypes for the CYP1A2 or ADORA2A genes in this group of Brazilian athletes

A Imagem Corporal Masculina Padronizada e sua Influência sobre os Valores Alimentares, as Atitudes e o Comportamento Alimentar em Universitários

Body image corresponds to the way the individual sees his body. The beauty standards body are established from references in which illusory short fall. The great changes in recent years in markets as food and fitness show mainly focused on developing new habits for health concerns and aesthetics. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between body image values, attitudes and dietary behavior in college men. We used a range of silhouettes adapted model Stunkard, Sorenson e Schlusinger (1983 as cited in Kety, Rowland, Sidman & Matthysse, 1983) and Lima, Orlando, Teixeira, Castro e Damasceno (2008), to assess body image and to assess the attitude in the consumption of healthy foods we used the model developed by Missagia (2012). The questionnaires were administered by a specific software websurveys. The correlations between perceived body image, desired and the discrepancy between them, are presented in the results, which demonstrate that being satisfied with their body image, not necessarily entails healthy eating habits.A imagem corporal corresponde à maneira como o indivíduo enxerga o seu corpo. Os padrões de beleza corporal são estabelecidos a partir de referências ilusórias nas quais poucos se enquadram. As grandes transformações dos últimos anos em mercados como o alimentício e o fitness evidenciam o desenvolvimento de novos hábitos focados para a preocupação com a saúde e estética. Este estudo busca avaliar a correlação da imagem corporal com os valores, atitudes e comportamento alimentar em universitários do gênero masculino. Utilizou-se uma escala de silhuetas adaptada do modelo de Stunkard, Sorenson e Schlusinger (1983 as cited in Kety, Rowland, Sidman & Matthysse, 1983), e Lima, Orlando, Teixeira, Castro e Damasceno (2008), para avaliar a imagem corporal. Para avaliar a atitude no consumo dos alimentos saudáveis utilizou-se o modelo desenvolvido por Missagia (2012). Os questionários foram aplicados por um software específico para websurveys, o qual se desenvolveu em questões estruturadas, elaboradas em blocos de perguntas, de acordo com as categorias de aspectos a serem analisados. As correlações entre a imagem corporal percebida, desejada e a discrepância entre elas, são apresentadas nos resultados, os quais demonstram que estar satisfeito com a imagem corporal, não necessariamente acarreta hábitos alimentares saudáveis