Review of Henry S. Turner, \u3ci\u3eThe English Renaissance Stage: Geometry, Poetics, and the Practical Spatial Arts, 1580–1630\u3c/i\u3e

In The English Renaissance Stage: Geometry, Poetics, and the Practical Spatial Arts, Henry Turner argues that English stage practice emerged out of practical geometry and related mechanical arts. The book is part of a new critical attention to the interconnections between literature and science, one that depends on the recognition that art involved the creation not just of aesthetic objects but also of knowledge itself. Stage practice drew from geometry to develop the concepts of plat-plot and to define its use of scenes as both spatial divisions and dramatic structures. Drama also provided audiences with forms of practical knowledge and prospective intelligence that came to be associated with the mechanical arts. The concepts of geometry were developed and used by surveyors, navigators, mapmakers, engineers, builders, and, most importantly for Turner, playwrights. Turner’s argument is sweeping; the scholarship and analysis that support it are of a very high caliber. The English Renaissance Stage impressively brings a range of scientific and philosophical resources to bear on its account of the knowledge arts of the early modern theater. Some readers may ask how necessary geometry was to the creation of the imagined spaces of the Renaissance stage. Since Sidney did not pursue his proposed studies in geometry, how significant are his evocations of geometry? Is it only Jonson’s highly self-conscious stage that depends on the geometric arts? Can the theory (whether Aristotle, Vitruvius, or Robert Recorde) make sense of an often improvisational set of practices? Turner’s work ultimately suggests that when making, doing, and knowing become entangled with one another, even those who do not know geometry take part in its lessons. Perhaps the most important conclusion to be taken from this book is not the argument that early modern theater is a product of new knowledge practices, but the corollary conclusion that theater became valued as a site of knowledge production. Turner’s work offers a powerful revision to how we understand early modern stage practice. At its best, The English Renaissance Stage allows us to see into the intellectual toolkit that created the “golden world” of Renaissance drama

'Something different for the weekend' - alterity, performance, routine and proficiency at farmers' markets in the northeast of England

The focus of this chapter is the role of alterity and performance in buying food at farmers’ markets. Alterity is the context in which farmers’ markets are readily understood and situated (Spiller 2007; Youngs 2003); buying at a market is different to buying at, for instance, a supermarket, and as Hetherington (1997) might suggest, farmers’ markets appropriate a heterotopic space where a marginal force implies ideals - however temporary or ephemeral that space maybe . Nevertheless, as I argue, as performances become routine, the proficiency of such actions render them normal. In contrast to what were once reactionary or alternative sites to developments and incidences in farming and food in the UK today, the farmers’ markets may now have become normalized or to some extent non-alternative. A focus of this chapter is the corporeality at the markets, which encourages performances during the event of buying, selling or just being at a farmers’ market. Performance and its delivery is distinctly corporeal and linguistic in projecting the meanings and understandings that litter everyday life, and intrinsically performance is inescapable from identity, as every interaction and action between actors incorporates degrees of performance. When producers and consumers meet at the markets, the performances take on the guise of difference, in that the markets awaken carnivalesque connotations, because inherently the markets are not everyday, or are not supermarkets

Protection of electrical and electronic equipment against lightning indirect effects on the Airbus A340 wing

The provisions applied to the Airbus A340 wing wiring against lightning indirect effects are presented. The construction and installation of the wiring's shielding systems are described, and the analysis and tests performed to determine the effectiveness of the measures taken are discussed. A first evaluation of the results of the theoretical analysis together with the provisional results of tests indicate a sufficient safety margin between required and achieved protection levels

Model-based Transportation Performance: A Comparative Framework and Literature Synthesis, Research Report 11-09

In an era of limited resources and a proliferation of data, there is increasing pressure to conduct careful evaluations of the economic, environmental, and equity effects of investments and policies that influence transportation and land-use systems. This report compares performance measures recommended to achieve desired goals and reviews the literature to determine the degree to which these measures have been implemented and what they indicate about the relative effectiveness of land-use, transit, and automobile pricing policies. Despite the variation in methods and performance measures implemented in the studies reviewed for this report, the synthesis of study results suggests the direction and relative magnitude of change resulting from different types of policies, as well as potential biases introduced by omitting the representation of the land-use and transportation interaction. Overall, the performance measures indicate that carefully designed transit, land-use, and automobile pricing policies may improve travel, economic, environmental, and equity conditions for communities. However, transit and peak-period automobile pricing policies can, in some situations, lead to negative performance outcomes across some or all measures, as illustrated in studies that explicitly represent the land-use and transportation interaction

Regional marketing for organic retailers: Status quo and capabilities

The market for organic food is still growing. The entrance of conventional supermarkets as well as discounters into the market and the increase of organic supermarkets are responsible for the organic boom in Germany and more price competition. These developments raise the question of new competitive strategies for small and medium sized organic retailers. The combination of organic and regional marketing might provide an opportunity to render small organic shops more successful again. The following paper discusses the opportunities for regional organic marketing strategies. First, this contribution gives an impression of the current situation and problems in the organic food branch, before continuing with theoretical research concerned with regional marketing. In the conclusion, the authors will underline different aspects with the aid of empirical results