Application of avalanche photodiodes as a readout for scintillator tile-fiber systems

The application of reach-through avalanche photodiodes (R'APD) as a photodetector for scintillator tiles has been investigated. The light collected by WLS fibers (0.84mm and 1mm diameter) embedded in the scintillator has been transmited to the 0.5mm2 active surface of APD by clear optical fibers and optical connectors. A low noise charge sensitive preamplifier (approximately 400 electrons equivalent noise charge) has been used to gain the photodiode signal. Various configurations of tile-fibre systems, suitable for CMS and LHCb experiments at LHC have been studied using cosmic muons and muon beam at SPS at CERN. In order to optimize the performance of APD, measurments in the temperature range from -10C to +25C have been done. The MIP detection efficiency and electron/MIP separation have been estimated in order to determine applicability of the readout for LHCb preshower.Comment: 20 pages,13 figure

Alloying a hard phase with a solid lubricant : an approach concept for hard, self-lubricating PVD coatings for tribological applications

Friction and wear are not desired for many applications. One way to diminish the wear of a component is to coat it by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) with a thin, wear resistant hard coating. This approach has proved very successful for the past decades. Although increasing the wear resistance and thus the lifetime of the coated components, almost all wear resistant coatings used in industry nowadays do not solve the problems associated with friction, e.g. excessive heating, high energy losses, etc. Lubrication with various liquid and solid lubricants has been known to be a good solution to these problems for millennia. However, nowadays environmental and technical requirements reduce more and more the fields of application of the above mentioned lubrication methods. Therefore, it would be very beneficial for industry if high hardness, wear resistance and lubricating properties can be all combined in a coating. Thus both friction and wear problems will be diminished without the need to use external lubrication. In this work an effort is made to design a group of such PVD coatings by mixing doping a hard, wear resistant phase (TiN) with a well-known solid lubricant (MoS2). The mixing is made by sequential deposition of thin layers of both phases in order to realize a multilayer TiN/MoS2 structure and by co-deposition of both components in order to realize mixed-phase TiN+MoS2 coatings. The influence of the deposition conditions on the structure and the tribological and mechanical properties of the above mentioned coating architectures is studied. A conclusion about the feasibility of both concepts (multilayer and mixed coatings) is also made in this work

Media Pluralism Monitor: lessons have been learned, but concern remains for Bulgarian media

Nelly Ognyanova, Professor in Media Law at Sofia University, and Orlin Spassov, Associate Professor in Media and Communication Studies at Sofia University and Executive Director of Media Democracy Foundation, explain the results of the pilot implementation in Bulgaria of the Media Pluralism Monitor, a monitoring tool which aims to assess risks to media pluralism in the EU Member States and identify threats to such pluralism

Clofarabine and Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal, malignant disease of hematopoietic tissues that is characterized by accumulation of abnormal blast cells, principally in the marrow and impaired production of normal blood cells. The unsatisfactory clinical outcomes of AML patients urged the development of new therapy strategies, one of which includes the implementation of new nucleoside analogs. Clofarabine has offered new promising perspectives within induction and consolidation therapies. This chapter will evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of clofarabine as a single agent and in combination therapy, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, for AML patients

Aspectos transnacionais

Lusíada. Direito. - ISSN 2182-4118. - N. especial (2023). - p. 23