RATIO OF TRIGLYCERIDES TO HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND MARKERS OF LIVER INJURY IN DIABETES MELLITUS

Objectives: The present study was done to evaluate and compare the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio in subjects with diabetesmellitus (DM) and diabetic prone subjects (impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]) with normal subjects without diabetes. An attempt was also made tocorrelate TG/HDL with markers of liver injury such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).Methods: Lab data of 496 patients attending Pushpagiri medical health checkup were obtained. The subjects were grouped into DM: (fasting plasmaglucose >126 mg/dl), IGT: (Fasting plasma glucose: 110-126 mg/dl) and normal: (fasting plasma glucose < 110 mg/dl).Results: Statistically significant difference were observed in levels of TG, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), TG/HDL ratio, AST, ALP between diabetes, IGTand normal subjects. Statistical significance within the groups was tested using post-hoc Analysis. The level of TG and TG/HDL ratio was significantlyhigher in subjects with DM compared to normal subjects. The mean value of total cholesterol and LDL-C was found to be higher in normal subjectsthan in DM and IGT. AST, ALP values were found to be significantly higher in subjects with IGT than normal subjects.Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that TG and TG/HDL ratio were high in DM and IGT than subjects with normal plasma glucose. Liverinjury marker enzymes were found to be high in IGT and is correlated with TG/HDL ratio in DM.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Impaired glucose tolerance, Hypertriglyceridemia, Triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio, Markers of liver injury

Oxidized low density lipoprotein and paraoxonase activity in coronary artery disease

  Background: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has a reverse relation with incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Paraoxonase (PON) is an HDL associated enzyme responsible for antioxidant capacity of HDL. Oxidative modification of LDL results in formation of oxLDL. This can be reduced by Paraoxonase, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant function. Aim: To evaluate and compare the level of HDL, oxLDL and Paraoxonase (PON) activity in Coronary Artery Disease patients with controls. Effort was also made to correlate HDL with PON, also to correlate OxLDL with PON and HDL. Materials and Method: 60 clinically proven CAD patients within the age group of 35 to 70 were selected from OPD of Dr. Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College, Kerala. 60 controls within the same age group without any history of CAD was selected from subjects coming for Health Checkup. Results: HDL and PON were significantly lowered in CAD patients than in controls (P<0.05). OxLDL, Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL and VLDL were significantly higher in CAD patients than in controls (P<0.05). Correlation Analysis showed a positive correlation of HDL and PON. Statistically significant negative correlation was observed in case of oxLDL with PON and HDL

OxLDL/HDL ratio and its correlation to myeloperoxidase activity in ACS patients

Background: Oxidative stress in ACS patients results in oxidation of lipoproteins. Resultant oxLDL (oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein) is a marker for lipid peroxidation. OxLDL/HDL ratio can be used as predictor of oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), oxidative stress related enzyme, increases in inflammatory conditions. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate oxLDL/HDL ratio in ACS patients. Correlation analysis of oxLDL/HDL ratio to oxidative stress markers, MPO and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were also attempted. Materials and Method: 60 ACS patients from Hospital’s Cardiac Care Unit and 60 controls from Hospital’s Health Checkup were selected. Results: oxLDL and oxLDL/HDL ratio were significantly higher in ACS patients. Significant increase was observed in Myeloperoxidase, MDA, Total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein and Triglycerides in ACS patients. Significant positive correlation was observed between oxLDL/HDL and MPO and also between oxLDL/HDL and MDA. Conclusion: Increase in MPO, oxLDL and oxLDL/HDL ratio in ACS is indicative of the significance of MPO in oxidative damage to lipoproteins in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and in incidence of acute events in CVD. We suggest that oxLDL/HDL ratio and MPO can be used as predictive markers to monitor the precipitation of acute events in CVD

Time-dependent effects of ethanol on blood oxidative stress parameters and cytokines

116-121Alcohol consumption is implicated in the genesis of a spectrum of liver abnormalities, which are associated with a number of factors. In the present study, time-dependent effects of ethanol on cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-ϒ, VEGF-A and TGF-β1) in serum, and blood oxidative stress parameters such as reduced glutathione content, TBARS level and activities of GPx, GR, GST, catalase and SOD in 8-10 weeks-old male BALB/c mice have been investigated. Ethanol administered @1.6 g/kg body wt/day significantly increased the activities of liver marker enzymes AST, ALT and ALP. Serum nitrite levels and haemolysate TBARS level also increased, while total antioxidant status in serum and GSH content in whole blood hemolysate decreased from 4th week onwards of exposure. Inspite of the increased serum nitrite level and GST activity in the haemolysate, albumin level in serum, GPx and GR activities in haemolysate decreased after 12 weeks of exposure. Chronic ethanol treatment did not show any effect on IL-2, but IL-4 level was reduced and other cytokines such as IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-ϒ, TGF-β1 and VEGF-A levels were increased significantly after 12 weeks. The study indicates a relationship between free radical generation and immune response, and suggests that ethanol-induced liver damage is associated with oxidative stress and immunological alterations in a time-dependent manner