SEROPREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS (IBR) IN NORTH EASTERN (NE) STATES OF INDIA

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an infectious disease caused by BoHV-1 and belongs to the Herpesviridae family. IBR is endemic in India including north eastern states of the country. Hence the study was undertaken to understand the seroprevalence of IBR in north eastern parts of the country. A total of 3125 cattle (Holstein Friesian crossbred) serum samples from 35 districts of five north eastern states (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Sikkim) of India were screened for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus antibodies using Avidin biotin ELISA.  A two-stage random sampling methodology was followed for the collection of samples. Results from the present study revealed that the overall seropositivity was reported around 29.50% while the highest and lowest seropositivity of 43.39% and 16.66% were reported in the states of Sikkim and Assam respectively, followed by Mizoram (42.16%), Manipur (29.86%) and Meghalaya (27.40%). Cattle of higher age groups showed the highest seropositivity compared to younger ones. A higher percent of IBR antibodies in cattle of NE states is a cause of concern and a detailed study on IBR prevalence comprising of a large number of the bovine population need to be undertaken

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Not AvailableInfectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an infectious disease caused by BoHV-1 and belongs to the Herpesviridae family. IBR is endemic in India including north eastern states of the country. Hence the study was undertaken to understand the seroprevalence of IBR in north eastern parts of the country. A total of 3125 cattle (Holstein Friesian crossbred) serum samples from 35 districts of five north eastern states (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Sikkim) of India were screened for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus antibodies using Avidin biotin ELISA. A two-stage random sampling methodology was followed for the collection of samples. Results from the present study revealed that the overall seropositivity was reported around 29.50% while the highest and lowest seropositivity of 43.39% and 16.66% were reported in the states of Sikkim and Assam respectively, followed by Mizoram (42.16%), Manipur (29.86%) and Meghalaya (27.40%). Cattle of higher age groups showed the highest seropositivity compared to younger ones. A higher percent of IBR antibodies in cattle of NE states is a cause of concern and a detailed study on IBR prevalence comprising of a large number of the bovine population need to be undertakenNot Availabl

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Not AvailableIn this study, expression of immunogenic portion of Peste des Petits ruminants virus (PPRV) nucleocapsid (N) protein in Escherichia coli (BL21) was envisaged to evaluate the potential use of recombinant protein as a diagnostic antigen in polyclonal antibodies based indirect ELISA for serodiagnosis. The immunogenic region of N gene coding sequences from PPR vaccine virus (Sungri 96 strain) was amplified, cloned in pET32a vector and expressed in E. coli as fusion protein for bulk production and easy Ni-NTA His-tag purification. The recombinant PPRV N protein (rPPRVNP) was expressed in E. coli at an optimal temperature of 37 °C with 1 mM IPTG for 5 h post induction and characterized by SDS-PAGE and western blot using PPRV-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies or serum or anti-His-tag conjugate that confirmed PPRV specific protein with a size of ~50kDa. The expressed rPPRVNP was in insoluble form and was purified under denaturation condition by Ni-NTA purification method followed by refolding, renaturation methods and further concentrated by protein cut-off concentrators for obtaining single protein band. The rPPRVNP was assessed for its immunoreactivity as diagnostic antigen by immunoblotting and ELISA using standard PPRV specific antibodies. The immunogenic reactivity of expressed rPPRVNP was optimized in indirect ELISA using known true positive and negative sera with respect to PPRV antibodies. On standardization of rPPRVNP based indirect ELISA using 661serum samples, the relative diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the assay 83.76% and 83.13% respectively was observed at cut off level of 25 Per cent Positivity (PP) with an agreement of Cohen’s kappa value of 0.648 with good agreement. This indirect ELISA as additional diagnostic tool for diagnosis of PPR in sheep and goats and rPPRVNP could be a sustainable source of safe antigen in countries of non-endemicity without the need to handle infectious virus for sero-diagnosisNot Availabl

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Not AvailableThe cross-sectional seroprevalence study of the peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in sheep and goats was carried out in the Southern Peninsular region of India to ascertain the prevalence of PPR virus (PPRV) antibodies at the epidemiological units (epi-units) level in the small ruminant population. The serum samples were collected from various epi-units (villages) in the different states and union territory (UT) in Southern Peninsular region using a stratified random sampling methodology from August 2017 to March 2018. A total of 6643 serum samples [sheep (n = 2785) and goats (n = 3858)] were collected from 360 epi-units and were screened by PPR competitive ELISA kit for the detection of PPRV antibodies. The results revealed that the seroprevalence of PPR in small ruminants in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala states, and Puducherry UT was 87.0%, 66.4%, 64.3%, 47.8%, 11.4%, and 50.4%, respectively in the studied region. Further, the results of the chi-squared test revealed that the PPRV antibodies across different states and UT in the region were associated (sheep-χ2 = 218.8, p < 0.01; goats-χ2 = 827.1, p < 0.01), as all the states and UT adopted the PPR vaccination programme. The study also implies that the small ruminants in some of the epi-units (n = 102) had < 30% seroprevalence, which necessitates comprehensive intensive vaccination and active surveillance programmes to make this region as PPR free zone.Not Availabl