Bone and muscular anatomy of the forearm and hand in Tapirus terrestris (Perissodactyla, Tapiridae)

In Brazil, there are two species of tapirs, the largest land mammals in Brazil, which belong to the order Perissodactyla, as do horses. Our aim was to describe the bone and muscular anatomy of the forearm and hand in T. terrestris and to propose adaptive functions. We used five anatomical specimens donated from a breeder to the Laboratory for Teaching and Research on Wild Animals of the Federal University of Uberlandia after death with no trauma. The bones were analyzed, the muscles dissected, and both described. The bones of the forearm and hand of the tapir are the ulna, radius, Os. metacarpalia, Os. carpi, phalanx and Os. sesamoideum. The muscles are M. extensor carpi radialis, M. ulnaris lateralis; M. flexor carpi radialis; M. extensor radialis communis; M. extensor digitorum longus II, III, IV and V, M. extensor digitorum lateralis; M. extensor digitorum; M. abductor longus; M. flexor digiti superficialis; M. flexor digitalis; M. flexor carpi ulnaris; M. flexor carpi obliquus; and M. interossei and M. lumbricales. Characteristics of bone and muscle structure are adapted to the development of the animal’s niche

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of indole–imidazolidine derivatives

AbstractNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent a group of approximately 50 different medicines that are widely prescribed for the management of inflammation and that exhibit variable anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities. Most NSAIDs also exhibit a shared set of adverse effects, particularly related to gastrointestinal complications; thus, the development of new drugs for the treatment of chronic inflammation and pain continues to be an issue of high interest. Hydantoin and indole derivatives are reported to possess various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of hybrid molecules containing imidazole and indole nuclei. The anti-inflammatory activities of 5-(1H-Indol-3-yl-methylene)-2-thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one (LPSF/NN-56) and 3-(4-Bromo-benzyl)-5-(1H-indol-3-yl-methylene)-2thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one (LPSF/NN-52) were evaluated using air pouch and carrageenan-induced peritonitis models as well as an acetic acid-induced vascular permeability model followed by IL-1β and TNF-α quantification. To evaluate the antinociceptive activities of the compounds, acetic acid-induced nociception, formalin and hot plate tests were also performed. The anti-inflammatory activities of the compounds were evidenced by a reduction in both leukocyte migration and the release of TNF-α and IL-1β in air pouch and peritonitis models. Upon acetic acid-induced nociception, a decrease in the level of abdominal writhing in the groups treated with LPSF/NN-52 (52.1%) or LPSF/NN-56 (63.1%) was observed. However, in the hot plate test, none of the derivatives tested exhibited an inhibition of nociception. These results indicate that the compounds tested exhibited promising anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities that likely involved the modulation of the immune system

TELESSAÚDE E IDOSOS DIABÉTICOS: NARRATIVA DE ASPECTOS EDUCACIONAIS SOBRE A COVID-19

Pacientes idosos diabéticos são um segmento de risco para complicações do COVID-19, necessitando assim de diferentes estratégias de cuidado a saúde, como a telessaúde, durante a pandemia. O conhecimento acerca desta doença é capaz de facilitar a tomada de decisão quanto a busca pela assistência adequada. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi investigar o conhecimento de idosos diabéticos em relação ao COVID-19 por meio da análise de suas narrativas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, observacional, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa com 9 idosos diagnosticados com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Os participantes foram entrevistados via telefone sobre o conhecimento quanto aos sintomas, formas de transmissão e prevenção da Covid-19. Em seguida foram capacitados sobre o tema e foram questionados sobre suas percepções acerca dessas orientações recebidas. Observou-se que cerca de 66,7% era do sexo feminino, a média etária foi de 68,55 (±2,55), e todos os participantes relataram informações compatíveis com as apresentadas pelo ministério da saúde. Além disso, os idosos consideraram como extremamente relevantes as informações fornecidas pelos pesquisadores sobre esse vírus.