Avanços no monitoramento das queimadas realizados no INPE

Desde a década de 80 o INPE/CPTEC vem sofisticando o sistema de detecção de queimadas. Neste sentindo são apresentados os diversos produtos e serviços recentemente disponibilizados pelo grupo de Queimadas em Cachoeira Paulista, que tem como principal parceiro, dentre outros, o Ibama/Proarco que desde 1998, dá ênfase particular à Amazônia. Os focos de calor passaram as ser obtidos nas imagens termais dos satélites NOAA quatro vezes ao dia e mais recentemente também pelo GOES oito vezes ao dia, e TERRA e AQUA duas vezes por dia, sendo em seguida integrados a dois sistemas de informações geográficos que são disponibilizados pela Internet. Das diversas inovações, destacam-se os seguintes produtos e serviços: os mapas de risco observado, previsto e climático; BDM, o poderoso banco de dados de queimadas; a inclusão do monitoramento das queimadas em alguns países vizinhos ao Brasil; a página de previsão de tempo da Amazonia para o Ibama; a visualização do posicionamento dos satélites NOAA12 e NOAA16, AQUA e TERRA; informações sobre previsão de poluição e dispersão de gases; focos em áreas de conservação; serviços de email a usuários cadastrados; expansão dos diversos produtos para alguns países da América do Sul; melhoria na resolução dos diversos mapas entre outros. ABSTRACT: INPE has been improving its detection system for forest fires since the late 1980s. Several products and services developed by the group of Vegetation Fires are presented, which since 1998 has as main partner and sponsor the Ibama/Proarco program at the National Environment Institute, with particular emphasis to Amazonia. Fire pixel data are extracted from thermal images of the meteorological NOAA satellites four times a day, and also from GOES-East at least eight times a day, and from TERRA and AQUA two times a day for each one; public access to the data through two Internet Geographical Information Systems occurs immediately after reception of the images. Some of the many recent innovations in the system are: maps of fire risk prepared in the observed, forecasted and climatic modes; DB, the data base of forest fires detected since 1992; texpansion of the monitoring and products to neighboring countries; a weather forecast site for Amazonia; a web page showing the location of the satellites used; information regarding pollution and dispersion of gases; fire pixels in conservation areas; Email services for registered users and alert messages regarding areas of special interest and; improvements in the resolution and quality of many maps and products, among others

Comparacao entre os perfis de temperatura obtidos a partir do modelo numerico, sondagens via satelite e radiossondagem

This design presents a matching between the temperature profiles from the Numerical Model, Satellite Soundings and Radiosonde, verifying the average and the differences between them, and therefore, the reliability of these data should be studied to improve the forecasts. Also a graphical visualization software for analysis and data exhibition of science of the Earth, used in the best Meteorological Centers is presented. Finally some programs for raw data handling and treated data visualization, in order to visualize the temperature profiles and the average between them is presented.Pages: 1852-185

Modificação do algoritmo de focos de queima AVHRR do INPE e sua avaliação com um método dinâmico

The multi-satellite operational INPE system that monitors vegetation fires is constantly improving its existing products and introducing new ones. The original AVHRR/NOAA algorithm was replaced in 2012, increasing the number of fire pixels detected, when compared to the previous method. This paper summarizes the new method and a novel procedure developed and tested to validate the fire detections. Fire pixels were automatically verified in relation to detections made by the ten other satellites used in the INPE monitoring considering a distance radius of 10 km, and also to fire scars in Landsat/TM-5 scenes up to 18 days after the detection date. The increase in the detections was about 29% and 370% for the late afternoon and early morning overpasses, respectively, resulting in an overall increase of ~31%. 80% of the cases were correctly validated and 12.5% were eliminated as image noise; 7.5% had no means to be verified due to cloud cover or missing TM scenes. The new method uses varying thresholds in channels 1, 2 in the image according to the pixel´s solar reflection and solar azimuth angles. The method should become the basis for the algorithms used with all satellites in INPE´s fire monitoring.Pages: 6395-640