16 research outputs found
Mortality of British Jews at the Turn of the 20th Century in a Comparative Perspective
Recommended from our members
Farmers' bulletin (United States. Dept. of Agriculture)
Discusses the importance of the development and implementation of school lunch programs in both rural and urban schools
Human resource development: motivation and movement
Description to be added.Cannot be left empt
Immunogold localization of arabinogalactan proteins, unesterified and esterified pectins in pollen grains and pollen tubes ofNicotiana tabacum L.
Interaction of Intense X-Ray Beams with Atoms
Generally, the probability that a given atom in a material absorbs an X-ray photon in a single X-ray pulse is much less than unity for storage-ring-based X-ray sources, even for third-generation synchrotron radiation sources. This situation has changed dramatically with the arrival of X-ray free-electron lasers: In the micro-focus of an X-ray free-electron laser, saturation of X-ray photoabsorption is routinely achieved. The immediate consequence is that the overall behavior of matter under such extreme conditions is characterized by efficient multiphoton absorption via a sequence of single-photon absorption events combined with inner-shell decay cascades and collisional ionization processes. In this way, unusual, highly excited states of matter are formed. Focusing on free atoms, this article provides a theoretical framework for the description of X-ray–matter interactions. The nature of X-ray multiphoton physics is explained, and the theory is compared with experimental data on atoms