Violence in adolescents: social and behavioural factors

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of young people’s involvement in violence measured as participation in physical fights or being physically, sexually or emotionally abused. We also aimed to understand the role of social, demographic and other behavioural characteristics in violence. Methods: We evaluated 7511 adolescents (4243 girls and 3268 boys) aged 15 to 19 years old, enrolled in public schools. Information was obtained using an anonymous, self-administrated questionnaire. Results: The most frequently reported type of violence was emotional abuse(15.6%).Boys reported greater involvement in fights(3.6 vs.13.6%,p<0.001)and physical abuse (7.5 vs.19.5%,p<0.001).The prevalence of emotional abuse(16.2 vs.14.8%,p=0.082)and sexual abuse(2.0 vs.1.8%,p=0.435) was similar in girls and boys. After adjustment, increasing age decreased the odds of being involved in fights in both genders but increased the odds of emotional abuse. Living in a rented home was associated with physical abuse in girls (odds ratio[OR]:1.4;95%confidence interval[95%CI]:1.0–1.9)and boys(OR:1.6;95%CI:1.2–2.0).In girls the odds of being emotionally abused increased with greater parental education. Smoking and cannabis use were associated with all types of violence in both genders. Conclusions: The most frequently reported form of violence was emotional abuse. We found differences by gender, with boys reporting more physical abuse and involvement in fights. Adolescents whose parents had a higher educational level reported more physical and emotional abuse, which may be related to differences in the perception of abuse

Úlceras por presión en la cara en pacientes sometidos a ventilación no invasiva hospitalizados en cuidados intermédios

A úlcera da face é uma das complicações mais frequentes associada à prática de ventilação não invasiva ( VNI). Objetivos: Determinar a frequência de úlceras da face em doentes internados numa unidade de cuidados intermédios (UCI) submetidos a VNI e identificar fatores associados. Metodologia: Estudo prospetivo realizado entre setembro e dezembro de 2015. Critérios de inclusão: idade ≥ 18 anos, internamento em UCI, com VNI e sem úlcera da face na admissão, resultando numa amostra de 30 participantes. Os dados foram obtidos através de um questionário, da escala de Braden e de Glasgow. Resultados: A frequência de úlcera foi de 26,7%, 16,7% de grau II e o tempo de aparecimento médio de 3,3 dias. Predominou o género masculino 70,0%, a média de idade foi 74,2 anos. Doentes submetidos a mais horas de VNI por dia, maior número de dias de VNI e mais dias de internamento apresentaram frequência superior de úlceras. Conclusão: O número de horas de VNI aumenta a frequência de ulceras por pressão (UP), sugere-se a interrupção dos períodos de utilização.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A importância do espaço físico reservado para grávidas com óbito fetal

Apesar de não haver consenso sobre a definição de óbito o ministério da saúde conceitua-o como o óbito ocorrido intraútero em qualquer idade gestacional, a partir da fecundação, antes da exteriorização completa do corpo materno. a atenção humanizada às mulheres com óbito fetal refere-se a uma abordagem ética e uma reflexão sobre os aspectos jurídicos, tendo como princípios norteadores a igualdade, a liberdade e a dignidade da pessoa humana, sem qualquer discriminação ou restrição do acesso à assistência à saúde. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão bibliográfica e relatar a importância do espaço físico reservado para grávidas com óbito fetal. Método: trata-se de uma revisão intregrativa realizada em outubro e novembro de 2019, que faz a análise de publicações de forma abrangente nas bases scielo, pubmed e bvs enfermagem. foram analisados 12 artigos publicados entre 2014 a 2019. Resultados: ficou evidenciado nos estudos a frustação das grávidas que estavam em trabalho de parto de um feto morto por estarem no mesmo espaço físico que uma grávida em trabalho de parto com o filho(a) vivo(a). os estudos mostraram ainda a desumanização, olhar de julgamentos, e o tratamento banalizado por parte dos profissionais de saúde e tratamento diferenciado. Conclusão: o suporte à mãe e família, também emergiu e verificou-se a necessidade de uma readequação das instituições de saúde quanto ao espaço físico para receber os pais que vivenciam o luto fetal, proporcionando privacidade e assistência humanizada. a presença do enfermeiro de sáude mterna e obstétrica emerge como de suma importância neste cenário.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Electrical and Chemical Analysis of the In-situ H2 Plasma Cleaned InGaSb-Al2O3 Interface

No abstract available

Characterization of patients undergoing noninvasive ventilation admitted in unit intermediate care

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is the application of a ventilatory support without resorting to invasive methods. Today it’s considered a credible therapeutic option, with enough scientiic evidence to support its application in various situations and clinical settings related to the treatment of acute respiratory disease, as well as chronic respiratory disease. Objectives: Characterize patients undergoing NIV admitted in Unit Intermediate Care (ICU) in the period from October 1st 2015 to June 30th 2016. Methods: Prospective study conducted in ICU between October 2015 and June 2016. In this study were included all patients hospitalized in this unit (ICU) and in that time period a sample of 57 participants was obtained. As data collection instruments we used a questionnaire for sociodemographic and clinical data and the Braden scale. Results: Participants were mostly male 38 (66.7%), the average age 69.5 ± 11.3 years, ranging between 43 and 92 years. They weighed on average 76.6 kg (52 and 150), with an average body mass index of 28.5 kg/m2 (20 to 58.5). With skin intact 28 (49.1%) with abnormal perfusion 12 (21.1%), with altered sensitivity 11 (19.3%) and a high risk of ulcer on the scale of Braden 37 (65%). The admission diagnosis was respiratory failure 33 (57.3%) and had different backgrounds. We used reused mask 53 (93.0%), the average time of NIV was 7.1 days (1-28), 4.8 days of hospitalization (1-18) and an average of 7.8 IPAP pressure. 11 (19.3%) of the participants developed face ulcer pressure.Conclusions: The NIV is used in patients with advanced age, obesity, respiratory failure and high risk of face ulcer development

Increased BDNF levels and NTRK2 gene association suggest a disruption of BDNF/TrkB signaling in autism

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin fundamental for brain development and function, has previously been implicated in autism. In this study, the levels of BDNF in platelet-rich plasma were compared between autistic and control children, and the role of two genetic factors that might regulate this neurotrophin and contribute to autism etiology, BDNF and NTRK2, was examined. We found that BDNF levels in autistic children (n = 146) were significantly higher (t = 6.82; P < 0.0001) than in control children (n = 50) and were positively correlated with platelet serotonin distribution (r = 0.22; P = 0.004). Heritability of BDNF was estimated at 30% and therefore candidate genes BDNF and NTRK2 were tested for association with BDNF level distribution in this sample, and with autism in 469 trio families. Genetic association analysis provided no evidence for BDNF or NTRK2 as major determinants of the abnormally increased BDNF levels in autistic children. A significant association with autism was uncovered for six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [0.004 (Z((1df)) = 2.85) < P < 0.039 (Z((1df)) = 2.06)] and multiple haplotypes [5 × 10(-4) (χ((3df)) = 17.77) < P < 0.042 (χ((9df)) = 17.450)] in the NTRK2 gene. These results do not withstand correction for multiple comparisons, however, reflect a trend toward association that supports a role of NTRK2 as a susceptibility factor for the disorder. Genetic variation in the BDNF gene had no impact on autism risk. By substantiating the previously observed increase in BDNF levels in autistic children in a larger patient set, and suggesting a genetic association between NTRK2 and autism, this study integrates evidence from multiple levels supporting the hypothesis that alterations in BDNF/tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) signaling contribute to an increased vulnerability to autism