Acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico de doentes com tuberculose em regime ambulatório

Objectivo: Este estudo tem como objectivo principal a avaliação do impacto do acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico sobre o estado de saúde de doentes com tuberculose (casos novos) em tratamento em regime de ambulatório. Métodos: O estudo incluiu um período de screening com a duração de um mês, seguindo de um período de estudo com a duração de 12 meses. O estudo foi aberto, multicêntrico, randomizado com um grupo de estudo (n=35) e um grupo controlo (n=41). Como metodologia de intervenção foi aplicado uma metodologia baseada num estado de situação do doente e avaliação sistemática de resultados clínicos negativos da medicação. Os dados foram trabalhados em folha de cálculo Microsoft excel2003. Resultados: No grupo de estudo foram efectuadas 665 intervenções farmacêuticas, sobre 490 resultados clínicos negativos da medicação e 175 riscos de resultados clínicos negativos da medicação, de um total de 737 detectados. Houve intervenção sobre 90,23% dos resultados clínicos negativos da medicação, tendo-se resolvido 80,73%. O grupo de estudo teve uma melhor adesão à terapêutica (73,17% no grupo de estudo; 26,83% no grupo controlo) e melhores resultados microbiológicos (p=0,046)), não tendo sido encontradas diferenças estatísticas relativamente aos parâmetros clínicos e radiológicos. Conclusão: O acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico permite detectar, prevenir e resolver resultados clínicos negativos da medicação, resultando assim num impacto positivo sobre o estado de saúde dos doentes com tuberculose em regime de ambulatório. ABSTRACT: Objective: Main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of medication follow­ up on the health status of patients with tuberculosis (incident cases) in treatment in an ambulatory regimen. Methods: The study included a screening period of one month and then a follow-up period of twelve months. lt was an open study, multicentric, randomized, with a study group (n=35) and a control group (n=41). Intervention consists in a process based on gathering patients’ therapeutic profile and its systematic evaluation of medication negative clinical outcomes. Data were processed in Microsoft Excel 2003 worksheet. Results: ln the study group 665 pharmaceutical interventions on 490 medication negative clinical outcomes due were recorded and 175 risk of negative clinical outcomes, having being detected a total of 737. Pharmacist interventions were done on 90.23% of negative clinical outcomes, resolving 80.73%. The study group had a better therapeutic compliance (73.17% in the study group; 26.83% in the control group) and better microbiological results (p=0.046). However, there were no differences concerning clinical and radiological parameters. Conclusion: Medication follow-up allows detecting, preventing and resolving medication negative clinical outcomes, having a positive impact on tuberculosis patients' health status treated in an ambulatory regimen

Knowledge of good nutrition, physical activity and sleeping habits in pre-schoolers

Children’s knowledge about food and nutrition is very important for the development of appropriate patterns of eating behaviour. Nowadays, because children’s input is becoming to get more importance in parents’ decisions about nutritional choices it is important to contribute for their knowledge development regarding not only nutrition or food but also healthy habits regarding sleeping and physical activities. The purpose of this study was to contribute for the assessment of nutrition/food preferences in pre-schoolers and the contribution of gaming for nutrition/food knowledge evaluation. It also intended to establish a relation between children’s BMI and the knowledge of nutrition/food and good sleep and physical activities habits. An observational, cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted with 364 children’s attending preschool from a metropolitan area of the norther region of Portugal and their parents. Food preferences varied from pasta (13.4%) to meat (8.8%) or tomatoes (6.3%) and undesired foods were, among others, *sh (16.2%), soup (13.2%), tomatoes (12.6%) and onions (10.7%). Preschoolers showed high levels of knowledge regarding food categorization (92.3%), good sleeping habits (90.1%) and good physical activities habits (94.0%). Results showed signi*cant di+erences for sleeping habits knowledge with lower BMI (kg/m2) for children that gave correct answers (M = 16.35, SD = 2.04 vs. M = 17.62, SD = 2.37). Children with increased BMI showed more risk of poor knowledge regarding good sleeping habits (aOR = 1.33, 95% CI = [1.07-1.69]). Parent’s low education was found to be a risk factor for children’s poor knowledge of good sleeping habits (OR = 8.21, 95% CI = [1.85-35.55]).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparing assessment tools as candidates for personalized nutritional evaluation of senior citizens in a nursing home

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Nutrition is an important health issue for seniors. In nursing homes, simple, inexpensive, fast, and validated tools to assess nutritional risk/status are indispensable. A multisurvey cross-sectional study with a convenient sample was created, comparing five nutritional screening/assessment tools and the time required for each, in order to identify the most useful instrument for a nursing home setting. Nutrition risk/status was evaluated using the following tools: Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002), and calf girth (CG). The time spent completing each tool was recorded. Eighty-three subjects were included. MNA-SF and CG were the screening tools that ranked highest with regards to malnutrition identification. CG failed to identify nutritional risk/malnutrition in seniors with lower limb edema. CG was the fastest tool while SGA was the slowest. This was the first study comparing non-invasive nutritional tools with time expended as a consideration in the implementation. CG is responsive, fast, and reliable in elders without edema. MNA-SF was more efficient at detecting malnutrition cases in the elderly population. Both MNA-SF and CG are considered the most suitable for the nursing home setting.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reading the history of a hybrid fish complex from its molecular record

Squalius alburnoides is a widely distributed intergeneric hybrid complex with fish of both sexes, varying ploidy levels and proportions of the parental genomes. Its dispersal routes were here delineated and framed by the reconstruction of the phylogeny and phylogeography of other Squalius with which it hybridizes, based on the available data on the paleohydrographical history of the Iberian Peninsula. Results based on sequences of cytochrome b and beta-actin genes showed that: proto-Squalius pyrenaicus originated at least five species as it dispersed throughout the Iberian Peninsula in the Mio-Pliocene; the S. alburnoides complex likely had a single origin in the bulk of Iberia, in the Upper Tagus/Guadiana area, when hydrographical rearrangements allowed the contact between its ancestors (around 700,000 years ago); interspecific crosses allowed the introgression of mitochondrial and nuclear genes of S. alburnoides in allopatric species/ populations of other Squalius and vice-versa; and reconstituted S. alburnoides non-hybrid males may contribute to the replacement of the typical mtDNA of the complex (in the populations where they occur, crosses with females of other Squalius seem to have been especially frequent). A number of dispersal events and colonization routes are proposed

Evidence of extensive mitochondrial introgression with nearly complete substitution of the typical Squalius pyrenaicus-like mtDNA of the Squalius alburnoides complex (Cyprinidae) in an independent Iberian drainage

The first occurrence of massive mitochondrial introgression of Squalius aradensis genes in Squalius alburnoides, a hybridogenetic complex that usually carries mtDNA of its maternal ancestor (Squalius pyrenaicus) is reported. Possible implications of such introgressions for the history of the complex are discussed

DETERMINANTES DA OBESIDADE EM CRIANÇAS ACOMPANHADAS POR UMA ENTIDADE DE ASSISTÊNCIA SOCIAL EM ITABUNA- BA

A obesidade infantil apresentou um considerável aumento nas últimas décadas, constituindo-se como uma verdadeira pandemia. Trata-se de um quadro preocupante, pois é uma pré-disposição para o desenvolvimento de doenças como a hipertensão, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, doenças cardiovasculares, entre outras. Dado isso buscou-se destacar a importância da qualidade de vida na prevenção da obesidade em menores assistidos por uma entidade de assistência social na cidade de Itabuna-BA, e especificamente identificar o índice de crianças que praticam alguma modalidade de esporte, conhecer a qualidade da alimentação oferecida em domicílio e observar o nível de conhecimento acerca do assunto. Foram avaliadas fichas, em que 25 pais ou responsáveis representaram seus filhos. Ao término da pesquisa, identificou-se que o índice de crianças que praticam alguma modalidade de esporte foi de 84%, com um total de 76% recebendo incentivo à prática desportiva. Quanto à qualidade da alimentação oferecida por seus pais ou responsáveis, no quesito com relação aos horários de alimentação, 60% afirmam realizá-las em tempo regular. Contudo, 76% efetuam frente à televisão. Com relação ao nível de conhecimento acerca da obesidade e sobrepeso, 68% atestam não conhecer tais definições. Mas, de forma implícita, teve a preocupação de manter regular o acompanhamento das crianças ao programa de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento, na medida em que, 64% costumam pesar seus filhos. Ressalta-se a importância quanto à conscientização dos hábitos e as diversas origens que contribuem para a ocorrência da obesidade e sobrepeso

Development and characterization of novel microsatellite loci for Lusitanian toadfish, Halobatrachus didactylus

The Lusitanian toadfish Halobatrachus didactylus is an eastern Atlantic polygynous species showing male paternal care. In this paper we describe 5 novel microsatellite loci obtained by 454 GS-FLX Titanium pyrosequencing of a microsatellite-enriched library. The number of alleles per polymorphic locus varied between 2 and 4, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.082 to 0.600. No significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was found and there was no evidence for linkage disequilibrium. These markers will be of great value for paternity studies and population genetics of this species.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT

Fertile triploid males - An uncommon case among hybrid vertebrates

The endemic Iberian minnow Squalius alburnoides is a complex of fishes of hybrid origin including both males and females with distinct ploidy levels and varying proportions of the parental genomes. In this paper we demonstrated that in contrast to many vertebrate hybrid lineages the sperm of triploid hybrid males of S. alburnoides is viable and fully functional. Flow cytometry and analysis of sequences of a fragment of the beta-actin nuclear gene applied to progenitors and offspring evidenced that these males produced their sperm clonally, as already described for diploid hybrids. The presence of different types of fertile males (nonhybrid diploids with normal meiosis and both diploid and triploid hybrids) coupled with hybridogenetic meiosis in females endows this vertebrate complex with a high level of independence from other species and contributes to maintain its genetic variability

May a hybridogenetic complex regenerate the nuclear genome of both sexes of a missing ancestor? First evidence on the occurrence of a nuclear non-hybrid Squalius alburnoides (Cyprinidae) female based on DNA sequencing

Based on molecular evidence and on direct observation of gonads and morphology, we describe the occurrence of a female of the hybridogenetic minnow Squalius alburnoides bearing the nuclear genome of the paternal ancestor of the complex and the mtDNA of S. pyrenaicus (the maternal species). The paternal ancestor is believed to be extinct and the available molecular evidence indicates that it was a species distant from the maternal ancestor and closer to a very different genus (Anaecypris). Its nuclear genes were perpetuated through hybrids and through diploid males originated from the hybrids and containing two copies of the paternal genome. The discovery of a diploid female with the pure nuclear genome of the paternal ancestor, even if it represents a very rare occurrence, illustrates a very interesting biological phenomenon: the possibility of re-emergence of an extinct species from its descendent hybrids, although carrying the mtDNA of another species

DETERMINANTES DA OBESIDADE EM CRIANÇAS ACOMPANHADAS POR UMA ENTIDADE DE ASSISTÊNCIA SOCIAL EM ITABUNA- BA

A obesidade infantil apresentou um considerável aumento nas últimas décadas, constituindo-se como uma verdadeira pandemia. Trata-se de um quadro preocupante, pois é uma pré-disposição para o desenvolvimento de doenças como a hipertensão, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, doenças cardiovasculares, entre outras. Dado isso buscou-se destacar a importância da qualidade de vida na prevenção da obesidade em menores assistidos por uma entidade de assistência social na cidade de Itabuna-BA, e especificamente identificar o índice de crianças que praticam alguma modalidade de esporte, conhecer a qualidade da alimentação oferecida em domicílio e observar o nível de conhecimento acerca do assunto. Foram avaliadas fichas, em que 25 pais ou responsáveis representaram seus filhos. Ao término da pesquisa, identificou-se que o índice de crianças que praticam alguma modalidade de esporte foi de 84%, com um total de 76% recebendo incentivo à prática desportiva. Quanto à qualidade da alimentação oferecida por seus pais ou responsáveis, no quesito com relação aos horários de alimentação, 60% afirmam realizá-las em tempo regular. Contudo, 76% efetuam frente à televisão. Com relação ao nível de conhecimento acerca da obesidade e sobrepeso, 68% atestam não conhecer tais definições. Mas, de forma implícita, teve a preocupação de manter regular o acompanhamento das crianças ao programa de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento, na medida em que, 64% costumam pesar seus filhos. Ressalta-se a importância quanto à conscientização dos hábitos e as diversas origens que contribuem para a ocorrência da obesidade e sobrepeso