2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Cichla monoculus (Agassiz, 1831), an important freshwater fish in the Amazon

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Cichla monoculus is an endemic species from Amazon basin and one of the main predators in the Amazon Rivers. It is widely commercialized as food, becoming one of the main items in Amazonian fisheries. Despite its economic importance, there are few genetic population studies in its natural environment. The present contribution describes 12 microsatellite loci used to analyze 27 individuals of C. monoculus. The number of alleles for each locus ranged from 2 to 13. The observed (H(O)) and expected (H(E)) heterozygosity values ranged from 0.45 to 0.94 and 0.45 to 0.90, respectively. Out of 12 polymorphic loci, nine did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. A cross-amplification test with five different species suggests potential transferability of all analyzed loci.21215218Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)FAPEAMConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)INCT ADAPTACoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in Astronotus crassipinis (Heckel, 1840)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Astronotus crassipinis is an important freshwater fish in the Amazon basin. Little is known about their population structure and genetic diversity. They live in Amazon varzea lakes and are territorial fish practicing mouth brood. Studies involving populations of A. crassipinis are of great importance for the conservation and management of this species. Therefore, thirteen microsatellite markers were developed for this species and characterized in 30 accessions from lakes Preto and Anana in Solimoes river and lake Piranha, located in the system Negro-Solimoes. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.00 to 0.72 and 0.25 to 0.58, respectively. Alleles per locus varied from two to six, with an average of three. Three loci departed significantly from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (P < 0.05) after Bonferroni correction. The value of Fis (f) ranged from -0.666 to 0.909 (average on -0.133). This new set of microsatellites will contribute towards studies of genetic diversity and conservation of A. crassipinis.11277280Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Amazonas (FAPEAM)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Molecular diversity, genetic structure and mating system of Calopogonium mucunoides Desv.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. is a species native of South and Central America that is used as green manure and a pasture crop. The molecular genetic diversity was characterized in 195 C. mucunoides accessions from a germplasm collection using 17 microsatellite markers. Outcrossing rate was estimated after the evaluation of six microsatellite loci in 200 genotypes originated from 10 open-pollinated progenies (20 genotypes per progeny). Six genetic clusters were identified in the germplasm collection by the STRUCTURE software analysis, neighbor-joining tree comparisons and principal component analysis, which highly correlated with the geographic locations where these accessions were originated or collected. These results were confirmed using AMOVA. The largest portion of the genetic variation was observed among clusters (64.38%). The results indicated that: multilocus outcrossing rate (t (m) ) was 16.3%, suggesting a mixed mating system with a predominance of autogamy; single locus outcrossing rate (t (s) ) was 11%; difference (t (m) -t (s) ) was 0.054, indicating that only 5.4% of outcrossing occurred among related individuals; paternity correlation (r (p) ) was 33% suggesting a low probability of finding full sibs among the progeny; parental coefficient of inbreeding (F (m) ) was 5.0%, indicating a low degree of inbreeding in each parent. A core collection for C. mucunoides was assembled to capture the allelic diversity found in this study. The complete allelic diversity was represented by only 15 accessions. These results should be useful for exploiting the genetic resources of C. mucunoides and could influence future conservation efforts and breeding programs.59714491464Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPESP [05/51010-0, 06/52953-8

Microsatellite markers in tropical legume (Centrosema pubescens Benth): development, characterization, and cross-species amplification in Centrosema sp

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Centrosema pubescens Benth is a forage legume widespread in tropical America. Twenty-six polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized in 15 genotypes of C. pubescens from the Cerrados Research Center Germplasm Bank of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa). The number of alleles observed for each locus ranged from 2 to 5, with an average of 3 alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied between 0.39 and 0.86 (average 0.57) and the discriminating power (D) ranged from 0.45 to 0.98 (average 0.68). The observed heterozygosity (H(o)) and the expected heterozygosity (H(e)) were 0.01-0.81 and 0.10-0.86, respectively. A cross-amplification test in 11 Centrosema species suggested potential transferability of these microsatellites. The data indicated that the polymorphic microsatellite markers developed in this work should be useful for assessing genetic diversity in further breeding programs and germplasm conservation.11347352Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPESP [05/51010

Development and characterization of 14 microsatellite loci from an enriched genomic library of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh is an Australian tree species which occurs in various climatic and environmental conditions and show large genetic diversity. Twenty five microsatellite markers were developed from a CT(8)-GT(8) enriched genomic library of E. camaldulensis. The number of alleles ranged from 4 to 13 (average of 8). The polymorphism information content (PIC) and the discriminating power (D) of each primer ranged from 0.37 to 0.88 (average of 0.72) and 0.48 to 0.99 (average of 0.84), respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.28 to 0.84 and 0.25 to 0.90, respectively. Four loci showed statistically significant from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction (P, (5%) < 0.0038). All polymorphic markers were tested for cross-amplification in 25 different Eucalyptus species. Those microsatellite loci will be useful to investigate questions of genetic diversity and structure, gene flow, mating system and ex situ genetic conservation of E. camaldulensis.11465469Sao Paulo State GovernmentFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [05/58721-9, 05/59217-2

Genetic studies in Centrosema pubescens benth, a tropical forage legume: the mating system, genetic variability and genetic relationships between Centrosema species

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)In this study, we used microsatellite loci to estimate the outcrossing rate of Centrosema pubescens in open-pollinated populations of 10 progenies that each contained 20 genotypes. The multilocus outcrossing rate was 27%, which suggested a mixed mating system with a predominance of autogamy. The single locus outcrossing rate was 13%. The difference was 0.040, which indicated that only 4% of outcrossing occurs in related individuals. A paternity correlation of 14% suggests that there is a low probability of finding full sibs in the progeny. Cross-amplification of the 26 microsatellite loci available for C. pubescens was evaluated across 11 different Centrosema species. Nineteen of the 26 tested microsatellites were successfully transferable across the Centrosema species. The polymorphism information content and discriminating power evaluated had averages of 0.64 and 0.77, respectively. A total of three clusters were assembled to demonstrate the genetic relationships between Centrosema species. The transferable microsatellite loci should be useful for exploiting the genetic resources of the Centrosema species and determining the outcrossing rate, which are essential for proposing effective approaches for conservation and for establishing strategies for the selection and improvement of Centrosema spp.1812223235Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)[06/52953-8]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPESP [05/51010-0][06/52953-8