9 research outputs found

    SystĂšmes Ă  libĂ©ration contrĂŽlĂ©e pH-dĂ©pendants de principes actifs hydrophobes Ă  partir d’olĂ©ogels

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    Les rhumatismes inflammatoires chroniques sont une cause importante d'invaliditĂ© dans le monde entier. De ce fait, les affections rhumatismales chroniques font peser une lourde charge sociale et Ă©conomique sur toutes les sociĂ©tĂ©s, pas seulement sur celles oĂč l’espĂ©rance de vie est Ă©levĂ©e. L’objectif principal de ce travail Ă©tait d’étudier le profil de libĂ©ration pH-dĂ©pendante de principes actifs hydrophobes Ă  partir d’olĂ©ogels oraux et/ou cutanĂ©s. La formulation des olĂ©ogels a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e selon une mĂ©thode sol-gel, reproductible Ă  grande Ă©chelle. La caractĂ©risation et le suivi dans le temps ont montrĂ© une bonne stabilitĂ© des olĂ©ogels. Les valeurs de pH des olĂ©ogels Ă©taient globalement acides (entre 4,3 et 5,8) et dĂ©pendaient de la quantitĂ© de gĂ©lifiant utilisĂ©e. Les Ă©tudes de libĂ©ration du kĂ©toprofĂšne, principe actif hydrophobe, en fonction du pH des milieux de dissolution ont montrĂ© des profils de libĂ©ration d’une cinĂ©tique du premier ordre d’équation =+. avec des coefficients de dĂ©termination proches de 1 (milieux Ă  pH Ă©gal Ă  1,2 et 5,5). Une meilleure libĂ©ration du kĂ©toprofĂšne a Ă©tĂ© obtenue dans un milieu intestinal simulĂ© (pH Ă©gal Ă  6,8) pour les formulations qui prĂ©sentaient dĂ©jĂ  une saturation en milieu gastrique simulĂ© (pH Ă©gal Ă  1,2). Cette Ă©tude qui a permis de formuler, d’évaluer et de modĂ©liser le profil de libĂ©ration du kĂ©toprofĂšne Ă  partir d’olĂ©ogels peut constituer une Ă©tape importante dans un objectif de souverainetĂ© thĂ©rapeutique des pays d’Afrique subsaharienne notamment le SĂ©nĂ©gal.Mots clĂ©s : OlĂ©ogels, rhumatismes inflammatoires chroniques, kĂ©toprofĂšne, libĂ©ration contrĂŽlĂ©e, pH-dĂ©pendant.   English Title: pH-dependent controlled release systems of hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients from oleogels Chronic inflammatory rheumatism is a major cause of disability around the world. As a result, chronic rheumatic diseases place a heavy social and economic burden on all societies, not just those with high life expectancy. The main objective of this work was to control the pH-dependent release of hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients from oral and / or skin oleogels. The formulation of the oleogels was carried out using a sol-gel large-scale reproducible method. Characterization and monitoring over time have shown good stability of the oleogels. The pH values of the oleogels were overall acid (between 4.3 and 5.8) and depended on the amount of gelling agent used. The release studies of ketoprofen, a hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredient, as a function of the pH of the dissolution media have shown release profiles of first-order kinetics of equation =+. with coefficients of determination close to 1 (media at pH equal to 1.2 and 5.5). Better release of ketoprofen was obtained in simulated intestinal medium (pH equal to 6.8) for formulations which already exhibited saturation in simulated gastric medium (pH equal to 1.2). This study, which made it possible to formulate, evaluate and model the release profile of ketoprofen from oleogels, may constitute an important step in an objective of therapeutic sovereignty of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Senegal.Keywords: oleogels - chronic inflammatory rheumatism - ketoprofen - controlled release – pH-dependent

    Analyse physico-chimique de l’eau de l’unitĂ© d’hĂ©modialyse du chr de Saint- Louis (SĂ©nĂ©gal)

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    L’insuffisance rĂ©nale chronique est un des problĂšmes majeurs de la santĂ© publique dans le monde. Au SĂ©nĂ©gal, une Ă©tude rĂ©cente rĂ©alisĂ©e dans la population gĂ©nĂ©rale adulte avait retrouvĂ© une prĂ©valence de l’ordre de 6,1%. «L’eau pour dilution de concentrĂ©es d’hĂ©modialyse» est produite en continue et utilisĂ©e en grande quantitĂ© chez l’hĂ©modialysĂ© chronique, donc il apparaĂźt primordial de veiller Ă  sa bonne qualitĂ©. Au SĂ©nĂ©gal, aucune Ă©tude n’a Ă©tĂ© faite Ă  ce jour pour Ă©valuer l’efficacitĂ© du systĂšme de traitement de l’eau pour dilution des concentrĂ©s de dialyse dans les diffĂ©rents centres de dialyse du pays. L’objectif de ce travail est de contrĂŽler l’efficacitĂ© du systĂšme de traitement de l’eau pour dilution de concentrĂ©es d’hĂ©modialyse afin de s’assurer de son innocuitĂ©. Les prĂ©lĂšvements ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s au niveau de trois points clĂ©s du circuit de traitement de l’eau pour hĂ©modialyse. A l’entrĂ©e et Ă  la sortie de l’osmoseur, Ă  la sortie de la boucle de distribution. Les analyses ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es Ă  l’aide d’électrodes spĂ©cifiques. Les valeurs de potentiels ont permis de tracer les courbes d’étalonnage. La dĂ©termination par rĂ©gression des pentes et des ordonnĂ©es Ă  l’origine de la relation de Nernst donne E(mV ) = B - A Log Cm avec des coefficients de corrĂ©lation variant entre 0,988 et 0,999 prouvant que 98% au moins des variations de tensions mesurĂ©es (E) sont attribuables Ă  la concentration. L’analyse physico-chimique des teneurs en chlorures, nitrates et fluorures rĂ©vĂšle des teneurs plus Ă©levĂ©es Ă  l’entrĂ©e de l’osmoseur qu’à la sortie. Ces basses valeurs dĂ©coulent du rĂŽle de l’osmoseur qui filtre une grande partie des électrolytes. Par contre, Ă  la sortie de la boucle de distribution les teneurs en Ă©lectrolytes des diffĂ©rents échantillons Ă©taient plus importantes que celles Ă  la sortie de l’osmoseur. Cette forte concentration en électrolytes atteste d’une pollution par la boucle de distribution de l’eau dĂ©jĂ  filtrĂ©e par l’osmoseur. L’intĂ©rĂȘt de cette Ă©tude rĂ©side dans le fait qu’elle met en lumiĂšre l’importance du contrĂŽle de la qualitĂ© de l’eau pour l’hĂ©modialyse et la nĂ©cessitĂ© d’un bon planning de maintenance prĂ©ventive efficace de l’ensemble de la boucle de traitement d’eau au sein de chaque centre.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clĂ©s: HĂ©modialyse, eau, chlorures, fluorures, nitrates, Ă©lectrodes spĂ©cifiquesEnglish Title: Physicochemical analysis of Saint–Louis regional hospital’s hemodialysis unit’s water (Senegal)English AbstractChronic kidney disease is a major public health problem worldwide. In Senegal, a recent study in the general adult population found a prevalence of about 6,1%. "Water for diluting concentrated hemodialysis" is produced and used continuously at high levels in hemodialysis chronic. It is therefore essential to ensure its quality. In Senegal, no study has been done to assess the effectiveness of water treatment system for dialysis concentrates dilution in different dialysis centers of the country. The objective of this work is to monitor the effectiveness of the water treatment system for hemodialysis concentrated dilution to ensure its safety. The samples were taken on key issues of hemodialysis water’s treatment circuit. Three levels of sampling were selected. At the entrance and at the outlet of the reverse osmosis unit at the outlet of the distribution loop. Analyses were performed using specific electrodes. Potential values allowed us to map the calibration curves. Determination by regression of slopes and intercepts of the Nernst relation gives with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.988 to 0.999 showing that at least 98% of the measured voltages fluctuations (E) are attributable to the concentration. Physicochemical analysis of the levels of chlorides, nitrates and fluorides reveals higher levels at the entrance of the reverse osmosis unit than at the outlet. These low values resulting of the role of reverse osmosis which filter much of the electrolytes. For against, at the outlet of the distribution loop the electrolyte content of the different samples were greater than those at the outlet of the reverse osmosis unit. This high electrolyte concentration attests to pollution of the water distribution loop already filtered by reverse osmosis. The interest of this study lies in the fact that it highlights the importance of monitoring the quality of water for hemodialysis and the need for good planning for effective preventive maintenance throughout the water treatment loop within each center.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Hemodialysis, water, nitrates, fluoride, chloride, specific electrode

    O/W Pickering emulsion stabilized by magnesium carbonate particles for drug delivery systems

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    This study investigates the formulation of surfactant-free Pickering emulsions that release a drug at a specific pH to improve its oral bioavailability. The stabilizing particles composed of magnesium carbonate particles. Pickering oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with magnesium carbonate particles and encapsulating a hydrophobic drug model (ibuprofen) were formulated using a high-energy process with rotor-stator turbo mixer (IKAÂź T25 digital ultra-Turrax). The experimental approach explored the impact of all formulation parameters, dispersed phase and amount of magnesium carbonate particles on the physicochemical properties of Pickering emulsions. The O/W Pickering emulsion was characterized by a methylene blue test, pH and conductivity measurements, and droplet size determination. In addition, Pickering emulsions stabilized by magnesium carbonate particles have the advantage of being destabilized in acidic medium leading to the release of the active principle via the droplets. The acidic medium release study (pH equal to 1.2) showed ibuprofen release as a function of initial droplet loading and saturation concentration. In the simulated intestinal medium at pH equal to 6.8, we found a better release of ibuprofen from emulsions that already had saturation in an acid medium. Thus, the interest of these Pickering emulsions lies on the fact that their non-toxicity and magnesium carbonate particles allow destabilization of the emulsions and release of the drug. These emulsions not only protect patients from the side effects of acid-based drugs, but also contribute to increase the bioavailability of these acidic drugs. Keywords: emulsion -Pickering-magnesium carbonate- ibuprofen-oral bioavailabilit

    C46 - NanoĂ©mulsions de Pickering stabilisĂ©es par des nanoparticules d’hydroxyde de magnĂ©sium : formulation et caractĂ©risation physico-chimique

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    Introduction : ce travail a pour objectif principal de stabiliser une nanoĂ©mulsion de Pickering avec des nanoparticules de Mg(OH)2. Dans cette Ă©tude, nous nous sommes focalisĂ©s sur la stabilitĂ© d’une nanoĂ©mulsion de Pickering et sa caractĂ©risation physico-chimique. MatĂ©riel et MĂ©thodes : Les nanoparticules stabilisantes composĂ©es d'hydroxyde de magnĂ©sium ont Ă©tĂ© obtenues par une mĂ©thode de nano-prĂ©cipitation en prĂ©sence de PEG-12000. Une nanoĂ©mulsion Huile- dans-Eau de Pickering stabilisĂ©e par des nanoparticules de Mg(OH)2 a Ă©tĂ© formulĂ©e selon un processus Ă  haute Ă©nergie, Ă  l'aide d'une sonde de sonication. L'approche expĂ©rimentale a explorĂ© l'impact de tous les paramĂštres de formulation, composition et taille des nanoparticules de Mg(OH)2, sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s physico-chimiques de la nanoĂ©mulsion de Pickering. Le systĂšme a Ă©tĂ© caractĂ©risĂ© par diffusion dynamique d’un faisceau Laser HĂ©lium-NĂ©on (DLS) et par microscopie Ă©lectronique Ă  transmission. RĂ©sultats et Discussion : Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© la formulation d’une nanoĂ©mulsion de Pickering Huile-dans-Eau stable. La caractĂ©risation au DLS a montrĂ© des tailles de nanoparticules comprises entre 21 et 45 nm. Les rĂ©sultats ont Ă©galement montrĂ© des nano-gouttelettes d’émulsion d’une dimension comprise entre 100 et 300 nm au DLS. Cette gamme de taille Ă©tait fonction des nanoparticules stabilisantes. La taille des nano-gouttelettes d’émulsion a Ă©tĂ© confirmĂ©e par microscopie Ă©lectronique Ă  transmission. La caractĂ©risation physico-chimique a aussi montrĂ© que le potentiel zĂȘta des nano- gouttelettes Ă©tait fonction du pH du milieu dispersant. Conclusion : Cette nanoĂ©mulsion de Pickering peut offrir des applications intĂ©ressantes dans la rĂ©alisation de systĂšmes Ă  libĂ©ration contrĂŽlĂ©e de substances actives

    C45 - Hydrogels oraux pH-sensibles contenant du phénobarbital pour une utilisation potentielle en pédiatrie

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    Introduction : Le but de l’étude Ă©tait de dĂ©velopper des hydrogels oraux Ă  base de chitosane pH- sensibles, capables de libĂ©rer le phĂ©nobarbital dans l'intestin grĂȘle du nouveau-nĂ©. Ces hydrogels amĂ©lioreraient sa biodisponibilitĂ© et son efficacitĂ© thĂ©rapeutique. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : La formulation des hydrogels a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e Ă  37±1°C via la transition sol-gel en utilisant la mĂ©thode du tube inversĂ©. Les hydrogels contenaient 2,45 et 2,55% de chitosane, du phĂ©nobarbital avec/sans EudragitE100. Au cours de ces expĂ©riences, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© les Ă©nergies d’interactions mises en jeu entre les chaĂźnes de chitosane elles-mĂȘmes, et le chitosane avec les molĂ©cules prĂ©sentes, responsables de la formation des hydrogels. Une caractĂ©risation morphologique des hydrogels par microscopie Ă©lectronique Ă  balayage a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e pour dĂ©terminer leur structure. Des Ă©tudes du   mĂ©canisme de libĂ©ration du phĂ©nobarbital Ă  partir d'hydrogels introduits dans des milieux mimant les valeurs de pH du tractus gastro-intestinal du nouveau-nĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es. Le dosage de la quantitĂ© de phĂ©nobarbital libĂ©rĂ©e en fonction du temps a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ© par spectrophotomĂ©trie. RĂ©sultats : Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que le temps de transition sol-gel diminuait lorsque la concentration en chitosane augmentait. La structure des hydrogels Ă©tait hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne. La quantitĂ© de phĂ©nobarbital libĂ©rĂ©e Ă©tait plus importante au pH mimant l’intestin grĂȘle pour les hydrogels contenant 2,45% de chitosane et de l’eudragitE100. Le modĂšle Korsmeyer-Peppas a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© pour ajuster les profils de libĂ©ration du phĂ©nobarbital. Conclusion : Les hydrogels formulĂ©s ont libĂ©rĂ© plus le phĂ©nobarbital dans le milieu mimant le pH de l’intestin grĂȘle du nouveau-nĂ© selon une libĂ©ration pulsati

    Formulation of shea butter Nanoparticle containing griseofulvin: a combination of antifungal and anti-inflammatory treatments

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    Nanomedicine has been a booming industry with the development of nanovectors to encapsulate water-soluble or amphiphilic molecules for drug delivery. As the new therapeutic agents synthesized are increasingly lipophilic, the development of new nanoparticulate vectors allowing their transport and targeting is now a major challenge. These particles are lipid nanoparticles, a few hundred nanometers in diameter, stabilized by a layer of surfactants composed of castor oil and stealth agents. Solid lipid nanoparticles based on shea butter, stabilized by cremophorÂź ELP, encapsulating griseofulvin, were formulated by the temperature phase inversion method. The shea butter nanoparticles thus obtained were the subject of characterization relating to: determination of the morphology, size, polydispersity index, pH and zeta potential. The results confirm the stability of our preparations. The anti-inflammatory activity of shea butter being known, the tests were carried out on mice. The inflammation was induced by a solution of croton oil acetone. There is a very big improvement in anti-inflammatory activity. This is due to better penetration of the preparation through the different layers of the skin. Griseofulvin release studies have been carried out on our various preparations. Systems designed as reservoirs of active ingredients and intended for a priori controlled release obey kinetics of the order of one-half (Âœ) corresponding to a proportionality between the quantity released and the square root of time. Shea butter in nanoparticulate forms has thus enabled us to considerably prolong the release of griseofulvin. Keywords: Nanoparticles; Shea Butter; Inflammation; Griseofulvin

    Biological Dosimetry Network in Africa: Establishment of a Dose-response Curve Using Telomere and Centromere Staining

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    International audiencePurpose: Biological dosimetry, based on the relationship between the absorbed dose after exposure to ionizing radiation and the frequency of scored aberrations, has been and continues to be an important tool for estimating the dose after exposure. Dicentric chromosomes are considered to be the most specific and sensitive aberration related to radiation exposure. Here, we established the dose-response curve following in vitro irradiation of circulating lymphocytes from healthy donors from three African countries after scoring unstable chromosomal aberrations.Materials and methods: Blood samples from 16 African donors were exposed to various doses (0 to 4 Gy) using an X-RAD320 x-ray system with a maximum photon energy of 250 kV at a dose rate of 0.1 Gy min−1. Blood lymphocytes were cultured for 48 h, and chromosomal aberrations were scored during the first mitosis by telomere and centromere staining. The distribution of dicentric chromosomes was determined. Results: No dicentric chromosomes were found after the analysis of 2,669 first-division metaphases before in vitro exposure. We established a linear-quadratic dose-response curve based on the frequency of dicentric and ring chromosomes and calculated double-strand breaks, taking into account all scored aberrations.Conclusion: The generation of a specific dose-response curve for African donors will allow the practice of precise biological dosimetry in these countries. This work is the first step towards realizing an African biodosimetry network and the establishment of a biological dosimetry laboratory, which could play a major role in the application of radioprotection norms

    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection amongst children in Senegal: current prevalence and seroprotection level

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    Introduction: hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly endemic in Senegal. HBV vaccine of all children has been introduced in 1999 and included in the Expanded Programme on Immunization in 2004. The aim of this study was to assess the HBV prevalence and immunity status against HBV amongst children in Senegal. Methods: between March and August 2016, consecutive children aged from 6 months to 16 years old were recruited in outpatient department of three main children hospitals in Senegal. Serum samples were analyzed for HBV serology (HBsAg, HBcAb, HBsAb) using ARCHITECT analyzer. Children with HBsAb levels ≄ 10 IU/l) were considered as seroprotected against HBV. Results: during the study period, 295 children fulfilled the criteria for the study and were further analyzed. Three children were HBsAg positive giving a seroprevalence at 1.1% (95% CI: 0.2-3.3), 12/267 (4.5%, 95% CI=2.3-7.7) had positive HBcAb and 226/295 (76.6%, 71.4-81.3) had positive HBsAb including 191 (77.3%, 71.6-82.4) with isolated HBsAb related to previous active immunization. However only 165 children (56%, CI 50-62) had seroprotective HBsAb levels (HBsAb ≄ 10 UI/L) and 63 (21.4, 16.8-26) had a strong seroprotectiondefined by HBsAb ≄ 100 IU/L. Conclusion: our results suggest that although HBV prevalence has significantly decreased in children in Senegal following a better HBV vaccine coverage, the number of children correctly seroprotected is insufficient (56%). Assessing the levels of&nbsp

    Is Response to Genotoxic Stress Similar in Populations of African and European Ancestry? A Study of Dose-Response After in vitro Irradiation

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    International audienceBackground: Exposure to genotoxic stress such as radiation is an important public health issue affecting a large population. The necessity of analyzing cytogenetic effects of such exposure is related to the need to estimate the associated risk. Cytogenetic biological dosimetry is based on the relationship between the absorbed dose and the frequency of scored chromosomal aberrations. The influence of confounding factors on radiation response is a topical issue. The role of ethnicity is unclear. Here, we compared the dose-response curves obtained after irradiation of circulating lymphocytes from healthy donors of African and European ancestry.Materials and Methods: Blood samples from six Africans living in Africa, five Africans living in Europe, and five Caucasians living in Europe were exposed to various doses (0–4 Gy) of X-rays at a dose-rate of 0.1 Gy/min using an X-RAD320 irradiator. A validated cohort composed of 14 healthy Africans living in three African countries was included and blood samples were irradiated using the same protocols. Blood lymphocytes were cultured for 48 h and chromosomal aberrations scored during the first mitosis by telomere and centromere staining. The distribution of dicentric chromosomes was determined and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the dose-response curves of the two populations.Results: No spontaneous dicentric chromosomes were detected in African donors, thus establishing a very low background of unstable chromosomal aberrations relative to the European population. There was a significant difference in the dose response curves between native African and European donors. At 4 Gy, African donors showed a significantly lower frequency of dicentric chromosomes (p = 8.65 10–17), centric rings (p = 4.0310–14), and resulting double-strand-breaks (DSB) (p = 1.32 10–18) than European donors. In addition, a significant difference was found between African donors living in Europe and Africans living in Africa.Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate the important role of ethnic and environmental factors that may epigenetically influence the response to irradiation. It will be necessary to establish country-of-origen-specific dose response curves to practice precise and adequate biological dosimetry. This work opens new perspective for the comparison of treatments based on genotoxic agents, such as irradiation.</jats:p
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