Estructura de sustentabilidad para el desarrollo de la educación presencial con acceso remoto en tiempos de COVID-19; Caso: Maestría en educación (Presencial) Universidad de la Costa, Atlántico - Colombia

The objective of the work is to analyze the sustainability structure (units, processes and resources) for the development of Face-to-Face Education with Remote Access in the master’s Program in Face-to-Face Education at Universidad de la Costa - Barranquilla intimes of COVID 19. In order to carry out this purpose, a methodology with a rationalisticdeductive approach was used and a mixed paradigm was used based on the complementarity between a qualitative and quantitative component. The populations are made up of: students, teachers, members of the curricular committee of the aforementioned graduate program, as well as technology personnel at the university. The results show the relevance of policies aimed at mediating ICT in academic processes, the use of technological platforms such as Teams and Moodle to guarantee face-to-face education with remote access; guidelines aimed at strengthening access to specialized production in databases, institutional repository, library, among others. It is concluded that Face-to-Face Education with Remote Access from the normative references in the Universidad de la Costa Corporation, CUC involves a training process through a complex series of interactions in synchronous digital connection environments. Instantaneous communication platforms stand out in which at least three essential components intervene: the student, teachers and the learning contents, whose relational dynamics are considered from the institutional policies.El objetivo de trabajo es analizar la estructura de sustentabilidad (unidades, procesos y recursos) para el desarrollo de la Educación Presencial con Acceso Remoto en el Programa de Maestría en Educación Presencial de la Universidad de la Costa – Barranquilla en tiempos de COVID 19. En aras de llevar a cabo dicho propósito se utilizó una metodología con enfoque racionalista - deductivo y se empleó un paradigma mixto a partir de la complementariedad entre un componente cualitativo y cuantitativo. Las poblaciones están conformadas por: estudiantes, docentes, miembros del comité curricular del referido programa de posgrado, así como también, personal de tecnología en la universidad. Los hallazgos permiten evidenciar la pertinencia de las políticas orientadas a la mediación de las TIC en los procesos académicos, el uso de plataformas tecnológicas como Teams y Moodle para garantizar la educación presencial con acceso remoto; lineamientos orientados al fortalecimiento del acceso a la producción especializada en bases de datos, repositorio institucional, biblioteca, entre otros. Se concluye que la Educación Presencial con Acceso Remoto desde los referentes normativos en la Universidad de la Costa conlleva un proceso de formación a través de una compleja serie de interacciones en entornos de conexión digital de manera sincrónica. Destacan plataformas de comunicación instantánea en la que intervienen, al menos tres componentes esenciales: el estudiante, docentes y los contenidos de aprendizaje, cuya dinámica relacional es considerada desde las políticas institucionales

Zinc Cream and Reliability of Tuberculosis Skin Testing

In 50 healthy Peruvian shantytown residents, zinc cream applied to tuberculosis skin-test sitescaused a 32% increase in induration compared with placebo cream. Persons with lower plasma zinc had smaller skin-test reactions and greater augmentation with zinc cream. Zinc deficiency caused false-negative skin-test results, and topical zinc supplementation augmented antimycobacterial immune responses enough to improve diagnosis

Statistical analyses in disease surveillance systems

The performance of disease surveillance systems is evaluated and monitored using a diverse set of statistical analyses throughout each stage of surveillance implementation. An overview of their main elements is presented, with a specific emphasis on syndromic surveillance directed to outbreak detection in resource-limited settings. Statistical analyses are proposed for three implementation stages: planning, early implementation, and consolidation. Data sources and collection procedures are described for each analysis

Impact of international travel and diarrhea on gut microbiome and resistome dynamics

International travel contributes to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance. Travelers\u27 diarrhea exacerbates the risk of acquiring multidrug-resistant organisms and can lead to persistent gastrointestinal disturbance post-travel. However, little is known about the impact of diarrhea on travelers\u27 gut microbiomes, and the dynamics of these changes throughout travel. Here, we assembled a cohort of 159 international students visiting the Andean city of Cusco, Peru and applied next-generation sequencing techniques to 718 longitudinally-collected stool samples. We find that gut microbiome composition changed significantly throughout travel, but taxonomic diversity remained stable. However, diarrhea disrupted this stability and resulted in an increased abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes that can remain high for weeks. We also identified taxa differentially abundant between diarrheal and non-diarrheal samples, which were used to develop a classification model that distinguishes between these disease states. Additionally, we sequenced the genomes of 212 diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolates and found those from travelers who experienced diarrhea encoded more antimicrobial resistance genes than those who did not. In this work, we find the gut microbiomes of international travelers\u27 are resilient to dysbiosis; however, they are also susceptible to colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria, a risk that is more pronounced in travelers with diarrhea

La ética pública como criterio de confianza legítima de las decisiones judiciales de la Corte Constitucional Colombiana

In this article, an analysis is made of the category of legitimate trust in relation to the judicial decisions of the Colombian Constitutional Court. For this purpose, an extensive interpretation of this figure, which was born as an expectation in the face of legislative developments after the Second World War, and evolved as an expectation of citizens in relation to public administration in general, was made. However, without stopping in the case of the legislator and the public administration, which share the classic assumptions of legitimate trust such as the principles of legal certainty and good faith, a new criterion of analysis was included for the purposes of this study, such as public ethics to indicate how -this- constitutes an unavoidable criterion of legitimate trust -which has always been without visibility-, and must be in all judicial decisions, and much more when it comes to high courts, or closing bodies of the legal-political system, such as the constitutional courts that resolve the conflicts of greater social impact. For this research, a paradigmatic hermeneutic approach was applied in harmony with a qualitative approach based on a rigorous technique of text analysis. As a result of this work, the scope of this figure and its impact on the jurisprudence of the Colombian Constitutional Court is evidenced.  En el presente artículo, se hace un análisis de la categoría de la confianza legítima en relación a las decisiones judiciales de la Corte Constitucional colombiana. Para ello, se realizó una interpretación extensiva de esta figura, que nació como una expectativa de cara a los desarrollos legislativos después de la segunda postguerra mundial; y evoluciono, como una expectativa de los ciudadanos frente a la administración pública en general. No obstante, sin detenernos en el caso del legislador y la administración pública, que comparten los presupuesto clásicos de la confianza legítima como son los principios de seguridad jurídica y de buena fe, se incluyó para efectos de este estudio, un nuevo criterio de análisis como la ética pública para indicar como -esta- se constituye en un criterio ineludible de la confianza legítima -que siempre ha estado sin visibilidad-, y debe estar en todas las decisiones judiciales, y mucho más cuando se trata de altos tribunales, u órganos de cierre del sistema jurídico-político, como las cortes constitucionales que dirimen los conflictos de mayor huella social. Para esta investigación se aplicó un enfoque paradigmático de corte hermenéutico en armonía con un enfoque cualitativo sustentado en una rigurosa técnica de análisis de texto. Como resultado de este trabajo se evidencia el alcance de esta figura y su impacto en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional colombiana.

Use of Bibliometric Analysis to Assess the Scientific Productivity and Impact of the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System Program, 2006-2012.

BACKGROUND: Scientific publication in academic literature is a key venue in which the U.S. Department of Defense's Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (GEIS) program disseminates infectious disease surveillance data. Bibliometric analyses are tools to evaluate scientific productivity and impact of published research, yet are not routinely used for disease surveillance. Our objective was to incorporate bibliometric indicators to measure scientific productivity and impact of GEIS-funded infectious disease surveillance, and assess their utility in the management of the GEIS surveillance program. METHODS: Metrics on GEIS program scientific publications, project funding, and countries of collaborating institutions from project years 2006 to 2012 were abstracted from annual reports and program databases and organized by the six surveillance priority focus areas: respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections, febrile and vector-borne infections, antimicrobial resistance, sexually transmitted infections, and capacity building and outbreak response. Scientific productivity was defined as the number of scientific publications in peer-reviewed literature derived from GEIS-funded projects. Impact was defined as the number of citations of a GEIS-funded publication by other peer-reviewed publications, and the Thomson Reuters 2-year journal impact factor. Indicators were retrieved from the Web of Science and Journal Citation Report. To determine the global network of international collaborations between GEIS partners, countries were organized by the locations of collaborating institutions. RESULTS: Between 2006 and 2012, GEIS distributed approximately US $330 million to support 921 total projects. On average, GEIS funded 132 projects (range 96-160) with$47 million (range $43 million-$53 million), annually. The predominant surveillance focus areas were respiratory infections with 317 (34.4%) projects and $225 million, and febrile and vector-borne infections with 274 (29.8$45 million. The number of annual respiratory infections-related projects peaked in 2006 and 2009. The number of febrile and vector-borne infections projects increased from 29 projects in 2006 to 58 in 2012. There were 651 articles published in 147 different peer-reviewed journals, with an average Thomson Reuters 2-year journal impact factor of 4.2 (range 0.3-53.5). On average, 93 articles were published per year (range 67-117) with $510,000 per publication. Febrile and vector-borne, respiratory, and gastrointestinal infections had 287, 167, and 73 articles published, respectively. Of the 651 articles published, 585 (89.9%) articles were cited at least once (range 1-1,045). Institutions from 90 countries located in all six World Health Organization regions collaborated with surveillance projects. CONCLUSIONS: These findings summarize the GEIS-funded surveillance portfolio between 2006 and 2012, and demonstrate the scientific productivity and impact of the program in each of the six disease surveillance priority focus areas. GEIS might benefit from further financial investment in both the febrile and vector-borne and sexually transmitted infections surveillance priority focus areas and increasing peer-reviewed publications of surveillance data derived from respiratory infections projects. Bibliometric indicators are useful to measure scientific productivity and impact in surveillance systems; and this methodology can be utilized as a management tool to assess future changes to GEIS surveillance priorities. Additional metrics should be developed when peer-reviewed literature is not used to disseminate noteworthy accomplishments

A community-based survey on influenza and vaccination knowledge, perceptions and practices in Peru.

BACKGROUND: Although Peru provides safe and effective influenza vaccines free-of-charge, coverage among vaccine target groups like pregnant women and older adults remains low. To improve risk communication messages and vaccine uptake, we explored knowledge, perceptions and practices about influenza illness and vaccination. METHODS: A cross-sectional, community-based survey with a three-stage cluster sampling design was conducted in three cities in Peru. We included mothers of young children, pregnant women and persons ≥65 years. Participants completed a questionnaire about knowledge, perceptions and practices about influenza illness and vaccination against influenza during the past year. Generalized linear models were used to explore factors associated with vaccination in the past year. RESULTS: 624/645 (97%) mothers, 54/55 (98%) pregnant women and 622/673 (92%) older adults approached provided informed consent and were surveyed. While most mothers, pregnant women and older adults (94%, 96% and 91%, respectively) perceived influenza as a potentially serious illness, few pregnant women (13%) and older adults (34%) self-identified themselves as a target group for influenza vaccination. Only 28% of mothers, 19% pregnant women, and 27% older adults were vaccinated against influenza during the previous year. Among the participants that did not get vaccinated against influenza in the previous year, "being afraid of vaccination and its effects" was the most commonly cited barrier. Knowledge of the recommendation for annual vaccination was significantly associated with vaccination status among pregnant women (p = 0.048) and older adults (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Despite a government subsidized vaccine program, vaccine utilization remained low among pregnant women and older adults, who seemed typically unaware of their status as high-risk groups targeted for vaccination. Those aware of the recommendations for annual vaccination were more likely to be vaccinated. Information campaigns addressing fears and highlighting populations at risk for severe influenza illness that are targeted for vaccination might increase vaccine coverage in Peru

Self-Care Confidence Mediates the Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and Self-Care Maintenance in Adults With Heart Failure

Social support may be associated with HF self-care; however, the mechanisms are not well understood. We examine the association between perceived support and self-care behaviors and whether self-care confidence mediates these relationships

Impact of two interventions on timeliness and data quality of an electronic disease surveillance system in a resource limited setting (Peru): a prospective evaluation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A timely detection of outbreaks through surveillance is needed in order to prevent future pandemics. However, current surveillance systems may not be prepared to accomplish this goal, especially in resource limited settings. As data quality and timeliness are attributes that improve outbreak detection capacity, we assessed the effect of two interventions on such attributes in Alerta, an electronic disease surveillance system in the Peruvian Navy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>40 Alerta reporting units (18 clinics and 22 ships) were included in a 12-week prospective evaluation project. After a short refresher course on the notification process, units were randomly assigned to either a phone, visit or control group. Phone group sites were called three hours before the biweekly reporting deadline if they had not sent their report. Visit group sites received supervision visits on weeks 4 & 8, but no phone calls. The control group sites were not contacted by phone or visited. Timeliness and data quality were assessed by calculating the percentage of reports sent on time and percentage of errors per total number of reports, respectively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Timeliness improved in the phone group from 64.6% to 84% in clinics (+19.4 [95% CI, +10.3 to +28.6]; p < 0.001) and from 46.9% to 77.3% on ships (+30.4 [95% CI, +16.9 to +43.8]; p < 0.001). Visit and control groups did not show significant changes in timeliness. Error rates decreased in the visit group from 7.1% to 2% in clinics (-5.1 [95% CI, -8.7 to -1.4]; p = 0.007), but only from 7.3% to 6.7% on ships (-0.6 [95% CI, -2.4 to +1.1]; p = 0.445). Phone and control groups did not show significant improvement in data quality.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Regular phone reminders significantly improved timeliness of reports in clinics and ships, whereas supervision visits led to improved data quality only among clinics. Further investigations are needed to establish the cost-effectiveness and optimal use of each of these strategies.</p