Tidal Tails and Galaxy Evolution

We review recent results on the tidal structures of spiral galaxies. Topics included are general characteristics of tails; kinematics of tidal structures and dark haloes of host galaxies; frequency of tidal distortions at z~1.Comment: 5 pages, "Morphology and Dynamics of Stellar Systems: Star Clusters, Galactic Arms and Rings", Proc. JENAM-2000, in pres

Опыт подготовки аспирантов в странах постсоветского региона: от единой модели к разнообразию подходов

В статье анализируется институциональный ландшафт аспирантуры СССР последних лет существования, а также стран постсоветского пространства современности. В работе описывается практика подготовки научных кадров в странах постсоветского пространства, выделяются общие характеристики, обусловленные наследием советской системы, и особенности моделей отдельных стран. Эмпирическую базу исследования формируют архивные статистические данные СССР, нормативно-правовые акты и данные статистических служб, министерств и ведомств постсоветских стран. С помощью статистического анализа осуществляется оценка институциональной структуры и масштабов аспирантских школ, выбранных для исследования стран. Ключевым ограничением является дефицит необходимых для анализа статистических данных и нормативно-правовых актов по ряду стран. В результате исследования выявлено, что большинство постсоветских стран сохраняют черты советской аспирантуры по сей день. При этом на общем фоне выделяются страны Прибалтики, а также Грузия и Казахстан, чьи модели институционального устройства кардинальным образом отличаются от модели аспирантуры СССР.The article analyses the institutional landscape of doctoral education in the Soviet Union in the last years of its existence as well as in the countries of the post-Soviet space. We describe the practice of academic personnel training in the post-Soviet countries, highlighting the general characteristics determined by the Soviet legacy, along with the unique patterns of the countries. The empirical base of the study is formed by the Soviet Union archival statistical data, legal acts, and data of the statistical services, ministries, and departments of the post-Soviet countries. Statistical analysis is used to assess the institutional structure and scale of the postgraduate schools in the considered countries. The research reveals that most of the post-Soviet countries have preserved the features of the Soviet postgraduate school, while very few countries have created models of institutional structure with a fundamentally different configuration of doctoral education in comparison with the Soviet Union.Исследование проводилось при поддержке Российского научного фонда (Проект № 20-18-00140)

Conversion and Deconversion of the Sphere of Work: Risks and Prospects

Сфера труда призвана играть важную роль в достижении устойчивого развития российской экономики. В этом контексте возрастает важность познания общего характера и глубинных причин, источников, движущих сил преобразования сферы труда РФ. Целью данной статьи является развитие концепта макроэкономической трансформации сферы труда, которая задается мультипликативным эффектом ее конверсии и деконверсии. В связи c этим, опираясь на синергетический подход, сформировано научное понимание сущностных характеристик, тенденций и приоритетов, вызовов и возможностей конверсии и деконверсии сферы труда. Методология исследования основана на теоретическом анализе результатов научных работ по проблемам макроэкономических изменений сферы труда. Эмпирической базой послужили статистические данные и аналитические обзоры Федеральной службы государственной статистики РФ (Росстата) и Международной организации труда за период 2008–2018 гг. Научная новизна заключается в уточнении и обосновании теоретических и выявлении прикладных императив конверсии и деконверсии сферы труда РФ. Исследование мультипликативного эффекта конверсии и деконверсии сферы труда становится самостоятельной научной проблемой при разработке теоретических и прикладных основ экономической политики государства, региона, организацииTransformation processes in modern Russia are associated with new opportunities and risks for the development of the labor sphere. These labor processes entail changes in the traditional organizational and legal methods and conditions of labor use. Under these conditions, the explanation of the ongoing institutional changes in wage labor is associated with the emergence of new paradigms of economic knowledge, a new terminological apparatus. The purpose of this article is to develop the conceptual foundations for the study of macroeconomic institutional transformations, which are given by the multiplier effect of the conversion and deconversion of the world of work. In this regard, based on a synergistic approach, the foundations of the concept of transformation of the labor sphere, the essential characteristics and trends in the conversion and deconversion of wage labor in Russia have been studie

Generation of electrical energy at gas pipelines using a transported natural gas technological pressure drop

The article discusses the possibilities of generating electricity without burning fuel by expanding high-pressure natural gas at gas distribution stations with lower specific capital costs. It is proposed to reduce the pressure of the transported natural gas using expander-generator units instead of traditional throttle devices. Document type: Articl

TAAR1-dependent effects of apomorphine in mice.

G protein-coupled trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is expressed in several brain regions and modulates dopaminergic activity partially by affecting D2 dopamine receptor function. In vitro , the nonselective dopamine agonist apomorphine can activate mouse and rat TAAR1. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether apomorphine activity at the rodent TAAR1 observed in in vitro studies contributes to its behavioral manifestation in mice. For this purpose, we compared the behavioral effects of a wide range of apomorphine doses in wild type (WT) and TAAR1 knockout (TAAR1-KO) mice. Apomorphine-induced locomotor responses (0.01–4.0 mg/kg) were tested in locomotor activity boxes, and stereotypic behavior at 5 mg/kg was tested by ethological methods. A gnawing test was used to analyze the effects of the highest dose of apomorphine (10 mg/kg). No statistically significant differences were observed between TAAR1-KO and WT mice following inhibitory pre-synaptic low doses of apomorphine. At higher doses (2.0–5.0 mg/kg), apomorphine-induced climbing behavior was significantly reduced in TAAR1 mutants relative to WT controls. Moreover, the lack of TAAR1 receptors decreased certain types of stereotypies (as reflected in by measures of the global stereotypy score, licking but not sniffing or gnawing) that were induced by high doses of apomorphine. These data indicate that apomorphine activity at TAAR1 contributes to some behavioral manifestations, particularly climbing, in rodents following high doses of this drug. The contribution of TAAR1 to apomorphine-induced climbing in rodents should be considered when apomorphine is used as a screening tool in the search for potential antipsychotics

MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF APATITE-FLUORITE ROCKS OF THE BURPALA MASSIF IN THE NORTHERN BAIKAL REGION

The Burpala massif located in the Northern Baikal region contains ore-bearing pegmatites, carbonatites and apatite-fluorite rocks with Zr-Nb-REE-rare-metal mineralization. Considering their petrological, geochemical, geological and thermobarochemical features, it was established that apatite-fluorite rocks were formed from a residual fluid melt containing minor CO2, increased P2O5 and F. Apatite-fluorite rocks of the Burpala massif are similar to the foscorite formations of most carbonatite complexes distinguished by the presence of fluorite.The mineral composition of these rocks was for the first time studied in details. In addition to apatite and fluorite, the following minerals are present: zircon, baddeleyite, barite-celeistine, barite, thorianite, ilmenite, magnetite, hematite, biotite, potassium feldspar, pyroxene, as well as rare minerals with high Ta, Nb and Pb content

SOURCES AND MECHANISMS OF FORMATION OF ALKALINE RARE-METAL GRANITES AT THE ZASHIKHINSKY MASSIF BASED ON GEOCHEMICAL AND Nd ISOTOPE DATA

The intraplate alkaline-granite magmatism essentially contributes to formation of rare-metal strategic raw materials. In the Major Sayan Fault of the East Sayan Mountains, the rocks of the Zashikhinsky (Pz3) massif were studied through the isotope-geochemical analysis to identify probable sources of alkaline-granite magma and mechanisms of their evolution resulting in ore accumulations, up to the formation of Nb-Ta deposits. The Nd isotopic characteristics of its alkaline granites were obtained for the first time. Together with the results of mineralogical and geochemical studies, they were applied for modeling its formation, in which crystallization differentiation of alkaline granite melts proceeds simultaneously with their assimilation of the enclosing granite-metamorphic formations

Multifrequency study of GHz-peaked spectrum sources and candidates with the RATAN-600 radio telescope

Context. Gigahertz peaked spectrum (GPS) radio sources are a class of extragalactic radio sources characterized by a spectral peak in the gigahertz domain. They are a mixed class of quasars and galaxies. A large proportion of the sources studied in the literature have only few data points in the radio domain, and the determination of variability and shape of the simultaneous spectra is inadequate. Sources currently included in the GPS source lists are very heterogeneous. Aims. We present the observational results from 12 observing campaigns (carried out between 2006 and 2010) at the RATAN-600 radio telescope to obtain the simultaneous radio spectra, which is valuable and necessary to derive genuine GPS sources from flatspectrum radio sources caught in a flaring state when their spectra are temporarily inverted. The sample contains both quasar- and galaxy-type GPS (122 sources) identified in the literature. Methods. The observations were carried out at six frequencies (1.1, 2.3, 4.8, 7.7, 11.2 and 21.7 GHz). The flux densities were measured at several epochs. A six-frequency broadband radio spectrum was obtained by observing simultaneously with an accuracy of up to a minute at 1.4, 2.7, 3.9, 6.25, 13, and 30 cm. Results. The original GPS source samples were highly contaminated. Finally, we selected 29% GPS source candidates within the sample. We found some difference in spectral properties between GPS galaxies and quasars within the sample. The GPS galaxies demonstrate a steeper spectral index in the optically thin part of the spectra. There are only relatively few (17) sources whose radio spectra strictly agree with the spectra of homogeneous self-absorbed synchrotron sources. The narrowest radio spectra are found in both ultra-high-z (z ≥ 1.8) and low-z (0.02 ≤ z ≤ 0.7, FWHM ∼ 0.9) convex spectrum radio sources. The majority of quasars within this sample should be considered as flat-spectrum radio sources with a temporarily inverted spectrum, and not as genuine GPS sources. The number of truly convex-spectrum sources remains low, and the lists of GPS sources should accordingly be revised. © 2012 ESO

New insights from old cosmic rays: A novel analysis of archival KASCADE data

Cosmic ray data collected by the KASCADE air shower experiment are competitive in terms of quality and statistics with those of modern observatories. We present a novel mass composition analysis based on archival data acquired from 1998 to 2013 provided by the KASCADE Cosmic ray Data Center (KCDC). The analysis is based on modern machine learning techniques trained on simulation data provided by KCDC. We present spectra for individual groups of primary nuclei, the results of a search for anisotropies in the event arrival directions taking mass composition into account, and search for gamma-ray candidates in the PeV energy domain.Comment: Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021), 12-23 July 2021, Berlin, Germany - Onlin

FEATURES OF MONOCYTE POLARIZATION AT DIFFERENT OUTCOMES IN WOMEN WITH RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE

Currently, in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage, a special role is given to immunological factors, in particular the role of innate immunity. The aim of the study was to assess the relative content of monocytes in the peripheral blood producing IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, as well as to identify new criteria for predicting the outcome of pregnancy in women with the threat of early termination and recurrent miscarriage. Materials and methods. 88 pregnant women at 5-12 weeks’ gestation were examined, the main group consisted of 59 women with recurrent miscarriage and threatened miscarriage at the time of the study, the control group – 29 women with uncomplicated pregnancy without recurrent miscarriage. The main group, depending on the outcomes of pregnancy, was subdivided into subgroups: subgroup I – 42 women whose pregnancy ended in timely delivery, subgroup II – 8 women with preterm labor, subgroup III – 9 women with abortion up to 22 weeks (spontaneous miscarriage and non-developing pregnancy). In the control group, all women had a timely delivery. Research material – peripheral venous blood. The relative content of IL-4+, IL-6+, IL-10+, IFNγ+ monocytes was assessed on a FACSCanto II flow cytometer using monoclonal antibodies. Statistical data processing was carried out using a package of standard applied programs. Results. In the group of women with recurrent miscarriage and threatened miscarriage, the relative content of IL-10+ and IL-4+ monocytes was reduced and the content of IL-6+ monocytes was increased compared to the control group (p = 0.0001 in all cases). There were no statistically significant differences in the content of IFNγ+ monocytes in the compared groups (p = 0.069). With a relative content of IL-4+ monocytes equal to 26.7% or less, preterm labor is predicted. With a relative content of IL-10+ monocytes equal to 27.0% or less, abortion (spontaneous miscarriage or miscarriage) is predicted in gestational age up to 22 weeks. An increase in the ratio of IFNγ+/ IL-4+, IFNγ+/IL-10+, IL-6+/IL-4+, IL-6+/IL-10+ monocytes was found in the main group (p < 0.0001 in all cases ). Conclusions. In women with recurrent miscarriage in all subgroups, the level of M1 monocytes prevailed over the level of M2 monocytes. The data obtained allowed the development of new prognostic criteria for termination of pregnancy up to 22 weeks and premature birth