Requerimiento de proteína en juveniles del pez marino chita Anisotremus scapularis (Tschudi, 1846) (Perciformes: Haemulidae)

The present study was carried out to determine the protein requirement in Peruvian grunt juvenile, Anisotremus scapularis. In total, 72 fish weighing 19.95 ± 4.09 g and length of 10.31 ± 0.63 cm were used. They were randomly distributed in groups of six units per tank. The experimental diets contained protein levels of 45, 50, 55 and 58%, which were supplied to three experimental units per diet. The fish were fed three times a day to satiety for a period of 56 days. The results showed that final weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly (p<0.05) affected by dietary protein levels. However, the increase in size and the specific growth rate did not present significant differences (p>0.05) between treatments. The protein requirement based on weight gain using second degree polynomial regression was 56.78%, for optimal growth of Peruvian grunt juveniles.El presente estudio fue realizado para determinar el requerimiento de proteína del alimento en juveniles de Chita, Anisotremus scapularis. Se utilizaron 72 peces con un peso de 19.95 ± 4.09 g y 10.31 ± 0.63 cm de longitud, los cuales fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en grupos de seis unidades por tanque. Las dietas experimentales contenían niveles de proteína de 45, 50, 55 y 58%, las que fueron suministradas a tres unidades experimentales por dieta. Los peces fueron alimentados tres veces por día hasta la saciedad por un periodo de 56 días. Los resultados mostraron que el peso final, ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento y conversión alimenticia fueron significativamente (p<0.05) afectados por los niveles de proteína en la dieta. Sin embargo, el incremento de longitud y la tasa especifica de crecimiento no presentaron diferencias significativas (p>0.05) entre tratamientos. El requerimiento de proteína determinado en base a la ganancia de peso mediante la regresión polinomial de segundo grado fue de 56.78% para el óptimo crecimiento de juveniles de chita

Una dieta prebiótica a base de diente de león (Taraxacum officinale) mejora el desempeño productivo y la morfología intestinal de gallinas ponedoras

The inclusion of Dandelion meal [DL] (Taraxacum officinale) in the diet of laying hens and its effect on productive performance, intestinal morphology and dry matter content in feces was evaluated. Ninety-six 35-week-old brown Hisex hens were distributed in 6 treatments. Gradual levels of DM meal (1%, 2%, 3% and 4%) were compared with a diet based on the mixture of antibiotics (CAB; 0.03% Zinc bacitracin + 0.03% colistin sulfate) and another based of 0.20% sodium butyrate (CPB). DM and CPB improved egg production (p < 0.05) compared to CAB, but feed consumption and egg weight decreased with the use of 4% DM (p < 0.05), without affecting the feed conversion ratio (p > 0.05). In general, DM (1% - 4%) improved intestinal morphology parameters (p < 0.05). Higher quantity and content of dry matter in feces was observed in 4% DM compared to CAB. The incorporation of up to 3% DM improved the productive indexes on the feeding of laying hens and managed to have the best prebiotic effect, as it was evidenced in the intestinal morphology and goblet cells.Se evaluó la inclusión de la harina de Diente de León [DL] (Taraxacum officinale) en la dieta de gallinas ponedoras y su efecto en el desempeño productivo, morfología intestinal y contenido de materia seca en heces. Noventa y seis gallinas Hisex marrón de 35 semanas de edad fueron distribuidas en 6 tratamientos. Niveles graduales de harina de DL (1%, 2%, 3% y 4%) fueron comparadas con una dieta en base a la mezcla de antibióticos (CAB; 0.03% Zinc bacitracina + 0,03% sulfato de colistina) y otra a base de 0.20% de butirato de sodio (CPB). El DL y CPB mejoraron la producción de huevo (p < 0,05) respecto a CAB, pero el consumo de alimento y peso de huevo disminuyeron con el uso de 4% de DL (p < 0,05), sin afectar la conversión alimenticia (p > 0,05). En líneas generales, el uso de DL (1% - 4%) mejoraron los índices evaluados para morfología intestinal (p < 0,05). Mayor cantidad y contenido de materia seca de heces se observó en 4% DL comparado con CAB. La incorporación de hasta 3% DL mejoró los índices productivos en la alimentación de gallinas ponedoras y logró tener el mejor efecto prebiótico, al evidenciarse en la morfología intestinal y células caliciformes

Aceite de Lupinus mutabilis obtenido por prensa expeller: Análisis de rendimiento, caracterización fisicoquímica, capacidad antioxidante, ácidos grados y estabilidad oxidativa

The oil of debittered and dehulled grains from two Andean lupins (Lupinus mutabilis) from Peru, Andenes and Común, was extracted by expeller press. The extraction yield and the proximal composition of both varieties were assessed. The oil and the cake, as well as the defatted flour from the variety with the highest extraction yield, were characterised for physico-chemical properties, total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. The oil shelf-life at 25 °C was extrapolated by Rancimat test. Andenes presented an oil yield of 22.1% (vs. 18.4% of Común), CIELAB colour coordinates of L* = 36.5, a* = 2.2, b* = 20, refractive index and density at 25 ºC of 1.469 and 0.903 g/mL, acid number of 3.2 mg KOH/g, free fatty acids content of 1.6%, peroxide number of 2.7 meqO2/kg, p-anisidine number of 1.3, unsaponificable content of 58%, total antioxidant capacity 21.4 µmol TE/g and total polyphenol content of 7.0 mg AGE/100 g. The predominant fatty acid, tocopherol and phytosterol in the oil were oleic acid (56.2%), γ-tocopherol (555 mg/kg) and β-sitosterol (41900 mg/100 g), respectively. The oil shelf-life at 25 ºC was 2.7 years. The Lupinus mutabilis oil extracted by expeller presented an acceptable quality with a lower environmental negative impact than the oils obtained by solvent extraction.Se extrajo por prensa expeller el aceite de los granos desamargados y descascarados de las variedades peruanas de tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis “Común” y “Andenes”). Se evaluó el rendimiento de extracción y, composición proximal de ambas variedades. Se caracterizaron propiedades fisicoquímicas, contenido total de polifenoles y capacidad antioxidante del aceite, la torta y la harina desengrasada para la variedad con el mayor rendimiento de extracción. Se extrapoló el tiempo de vida útil del aceite a 25 ºC por el test Rancimat. La variedad andenes presentó un rendimiento de 22,1% m/m (frente al 18,4% m/m de la variedad Común), color CIELAB L*= 36,5; a*= 2,2; b* = 20, índice de refracción a 25 ºC de 1,469, densidad a 25 ºC de 0,903 g/mL, índice de acidez de 3,2 mg KOH/g, ácidos grasos libres de 1,6% m/m, índice de peróxidos de 2,7 meq O2/kg, índice de p-Anisidina de 1,3, contenido de insaponificables del 58,0% m/m, capacidad antioxidante ABTS total de 21,4 µmol TE/g y, contenido de compuestos polifenólicos totales de 7,0 mg AGE/100g. El ácido graso, tocoferol y fitoesterol predominantes en el aceite fueron el ácido oleico (56,2% m/m), el γ-tocoferol (555 mg/kg) y el β-sitosterol (41900 mg/100g), respectivamente. A 25 ºC la vida útil del aceite fue de 2,7 años. El aceite de Lupinus mutabilis extraído por expeller presentó una calidad aceptable, pero con un menor impacto ambiental negativo, en comparación con la extracción de aceites utilizando solventes

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030