Nitric oxide synthase inhibition decreases tolerance to hyperoxia in newborn rats

We evaluated the effects of sustained perinatal inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) on hyperoxia induced lung injury in newborn rats. NG-nitro-Larginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) or untreated water was administered to pregnant rats for the final 7 days of gestation and during lactation; followed by postnatal exposure to hyperoxia (>95% O2) or room air. The survival rate of L-NAME treated pups when placed in > 95% O2 at birth was significantly lower than controls from day 4 (L-NAME, 87%; control pups, 100%, p < 0.05) to 14 (L-NAME, 0%; control pups, 53%, p < 0.05). Foetal pulmonary artery vasoconstriction was induced by L-NAME with a decrease in internal diameter from 0.88 ± 0.03 mm to 0.64 ± 0.01 mm in control vs. L-NAME groups (p < 0.05), respectively. We conclude that perinatal NOS inhibition results in pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and a decreased tolerance to hyperoxia induced lung injury in newborn rats

The American Experience With Desmopressin

Conclusive evidence of a polyuric etiology from a failure of vasopressin elevation led to a new pharmacologic approach to the treatment of childhood nocturnal enuresis. Desmopressin acetate, a vasopressin analogue, has been used successfully since 1978 to treat this condition. Desmopressin's efficacy at doses of 5 to 40 μg has been demonstrated in Europe and the United States. Similarly, its safety has been established, and it is a first-line choice for physicians worldwide.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67214/2/10.1177_000992289303200107.pd

БОРТОВАЯ СИСТЕМА АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ОРИЕНТАЦИИ ВИДЕОСПЕКТРАЛЬНОЙ АППАРАТУРЫ ДЛЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ КОСМИЧЕСКОЙ СТАНЦИИ

The onboard orientation system for videospectral equipment has developed. The structure of automatic orientation system &amp; constructive building of steering platform has described. Different versions of constructive building has considered.Разработана бортовая система автоматической ориентации видеоспектральной аппаратуры. Описан состав системы автоматической ориентации. Рассмотрены различные варианты конструктивного построения.

Neoliberalism with a community face?:A critical analysis of asset-based community development in Scotland

In this article, we trace the ideological and social policy roots of asset-based community development (ABCD) in the United States and the United Kingdom, and explore how this approach has been legitimized in Scotland. We argue that ABCD is a capitulation to neoliberal values of individualization and privatization. Drawing on findings from our empirical work, we discuss how ABCD generates dilemmas for community development. Although some practitioners are able to adapt ABCD to focus on renewing Scottish democracy, several practitioners are using ABCD to privatize public issues such as inequality and justify dramatic cuts to the Scottish welfare state

Type 1 diabetes: translating mechanistic observations into effective clinical outcomes

Type 1 diabetes remains an important health problem, particularly in Western countries where the incidence has been increasing in younger children(1). In 1986, Eisenbarth described Type 1 diabetes as a chronic autoimmune disease. Work over the past 3 ½ decades has identified many of the genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors that are involved in the disease and have led to hypotheses concerning its pathogenesis. Based on these findings, clinical trials have been conducted to test these hypotheses but have had mixed results. In this review, we discuss the findings that have led to current concepts of the disease mechanisms, how this understanding has prompted clinical studies, and the results of these studies. The findings from preclinical and clinical studies support the original proposed model for how type 1 diabetes develops, but have also suggested that this disease is more complex than originally thought and will require broader treatment approaches

Thyroid hormone depresses antioxidant enzyme maturation in fetal rat lung

The surfactant system and antioxidant enzyme system of the lung have chronologically similar developmental patterns, and the maturation of both systems is accelerated by glucocorticoid hormones. To investigate whether thyroid hormone might also stimulate the development of the antioxidant enzyme system as well as the surfactant system, we injected pregnant rats with triiodothyronine (T3) or diluent. Fetal T3 offspring demonstrated significantly elevated T3 levels, had significantly increased lung tissue disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and total phospholipid content, yet had significantly decreased activities of three lung antioxidant enzymes (AOE) (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase). When dexamethasone was administered in combination with T3, fetuses demonstrated increases in lung DSPC content but decreases in AOE of magnitude equivalent to or greater than that seen with T3 alone. These findings indicate that thyroid hormone affects surfactant and AOE development in opposite ways and may have potentially harmful as well as beneficial effects on different aspects of lung development