357 research outputs found
Light Curve Models of Supernovae and X-ray spectra of Supernova Remnants
We compare parameters of well-observed type II SN1999em derived by M.Hamuy
and D.Nadyozhin based on Litvinova-Nadyozhin (1985) analytic fits with those
found from the simulations with our radiative hydro code Stella. The difference
of SN parameters is quite large for the long distance scale. The same code
applied to models of SN1993J allows us to estimate systematic errors of
extracting foreground extinction toward SN1993J suggested by Clocchiatti et al.
(1995). A new implicit two-temperature hydro code code Supremna is introduced
which self-consistently takes into account the kinetics of ionization, electron
thermal conduction, and radiative losses for predicting X-ray spectra of young
supernova remnants such as Tycho and Kepler.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures, Supernovae as Cosmological Lighthouses, Padua,
June 16- 19, 2004, eds. M.Turatto et al., ASP Conference Serie
Shock Breakout in Type II Plateau Supernovae: Prospects for High Redshift Supernova Surveys
Shock breakout is the brightest radiative phenomenon in a supernova (SN) but
is difficult to be observed owing to the short duration and X-ray/ultraviolet
(UV)-peaked spectra. After the first observation from the rising phase reported
in 2008, its observability at high redshift is attracting enormous attention.
We perform multigroup radiation hydrodynamics calculations of explosions for
evolutionary presupernova models with various main-sequence masses , metallicities , and explosion energies . We present multicolor
light curves of shock breakout in Type II plateau SNe, being the most frequent
core-collapse SNe, and predict apparent multicolor light curves of shock
breakout at various redshifts . We derive the observable SN rate and
reachable redshift as functions of filter and limiting magnitude by taking into account an initial mass function, cosmic star formation
history, intergalactic absorption, and host galaxy extinction. We propose a
realistic survey strategy optimized for shock breakout. For example, the
-band observable SN rate for mag is 3.3 SNe
degree day and a half of them locates at . It is clear
that the shock breakout is a beneficial clue to probe high- core-collapse
SNe. We also establish ways to identify shock breakout and constrain SN
properties from the observations of shock breakout, brightness, time scale, and
color. We emphasize that the multicolor observations in blue optical bands with
hour intervals, preferably over continuous nights, are essential
to efficiently detect, identify, and interpret shock breakout.Comment: 26 pages, 23 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journal Supplement Serie
Polymorphisms of genes and the risk of preeclampsia
They studied the relations of genetic polymorphisms with the risk of preeclampsia occurrence depending on hereditary complicatio
Fast-track referral for health interventions during pregnancy: study protocol of a randomised pragmatic experimental study to reduce low birth weight in Portugal (STOP LBW)
Introduction Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with a wide range of short-term and long-term consequences and is related to maternal psychosocial and behavioural determinants. The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of implementing fast-track referral for early intervention on psychosocial and behavioural risk factors—smoking, alcohol consumption, depression and physical violence—in reducing the incidence of LBW.
Methods and analysis Parallel superiority pragmatic clinical trial randomised by clusters. Primary healthcare units (PHCU) located in Portugal will be randomised (1:1) to intervention or control groups. Pregnant women over 18 years of age attending these PHCU will be eligible to the study. Risk factors will be assessed through face-to-face interviews. In the intervention group, women who report at least one risk factor will have immediate access to referral services. The comparison group will be the local standard of care for these risk factors. We will use intention-to-treat analyses to compare intervention and control groups. We estimated a sample size of 2832 pregnant women to detect a 30% reduction in the incidence rate of LBW between the control and intervention groups. Secondary outcomes are the reduction of preterm births, reduction of the four risk factors and acceptance of the intervention.
Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Public Health Institute of the University of Porto (no CE20140). The findings will be disseminated to the public, the funders, health professionals, health managers and other researchers.This project was funded by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation under the Knowledge Challenge 'The Importance of the Right Weight at Birth'. Sponsor contact information: HB. ISPUP. [email protected]
Sub-surface modifications in silicon with ultra-short pulsed lasers above 2 µm
Nonlinear optical phenomena in silicon such as self-focusing and multi-photon absorption are strongly dependent on the wavelength, energy, and duration of the exciting pulse, especially for wavelengths >2µm. We investigate the sub-surface modification of silicon using ultra-short pulsed lasers at wavelengths in the range of 1950–2400 nm, at a pulse duration between 2 and 10 ps and pulse energy varying from 1 µJ to 1 mJ. We perform numerical simulations and experiments using fiber-based lasers built in-house that operate in this wavelength range for the surface and sub-surface processing of Si-wafers. The results are compared to the literature data at 1550 nm. Due to a dip in the nonlinear absorption spectrum and a peak in the spectrum of the third-order nonlinearity, the wavelengths between 2000 and 2200 nm prove to be more favorable for creating sub-surface modifications in silicon. This is the case even though those wavelengths do not allow as tight focusing as those at 1550 nm. This is compensated for by an increased self-focusing due to the nonlinear Kerr-effect around 2100 nm at high light intensities, characteristic for ultra-short pulses
Soliton absorption spectroscopy
We analyze optical soliton propagation in the presence of weak absorption
lines with much narrower linewidths as compared to the soliton spectrum width
using the novel perturbation analysis technique based on an integral
representation in the spectral domain. The stable soliton acquires spectral
modulation that follows the associated index of refraction of the absorber. The
model can be applied to ordinary soliton propagation and to an absorber inside
a passively modelocked laser. In the latter case, a comparison with water vapor
absorption in a femtosecond Cr:ZnSe laser yields a very good agreement with
experiment. Compared to the conventional absorption measurement in a cell of
the same length, the signal is increased by an order of magnitude. The obtained
analytical expressions allow further improving of the sensitivity and
spectroscopic accuracy making the soliton absorption spectroscopy a promising
novel measurement technique.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures
Thermonuclear Burning Regimes and the Use of SNe Ia in Cosmology
The calculations of the light curves of thermonuclear supernovae are carried
out by a method of multi-group radiation hydrodynamics. The effects of spectral
lines and expansion opacity are taken into account. The predictions for UBVI
fluxes are given. The values of rise time for B and V bands found in our
calculations are in good agreement with the observed values. We explain why our
results for the rise time have more solid physical justification than those
obtained by other authors. It is shown that small variations in the chemical
composition of the ejecta, produced in the explosions with different regimes of
nuclear burning, can influence drastically the light curve decline in the B
band and, to a lesser extent, in the V band. We argue that recent results on
positive cosmological constant Lambda, found from the high redshift supernova
observations, could be wrong in the case of possible variations of the
preferred mode of nuclear burning in the earlier Universe.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, presented at the conference "Astronomy at the
Eve of the New Century", Puschino, May 17-22, 1999. A few references and a
table added, typos correcte
Circular Economy and Environmental Safety in a New Social Reality
The problem of ensuring environmental safety in our country in the conditions of increasing macroeconomic instability and risks in the sphere of national and world economy puts on the agenda the need to move to a new model of social and economic development - "circular economy"or "closed-loop economy". This model makes it possible to minimize the external negative effects on the part of economic entities and their impact on the environment and, conversely, the consequences of man-made externalities in the environment on the human. In this regard, the analysis and assessment of such a relationship between the economy and the environment, as well as the identification and assessment of these externalities, make it possible to formulate a number of recommendations to strengthen environmental safety and transition to a qualitatively new type of sustainable development. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
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