Yo, en mi medio ambiente: integración de la educación ambiental y las TIC en el aula de Educación Primaria

Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado busca el estudio y comprensión del medio ambiente por lo que a través de las nuevas tecnologías pretendiendo generar interés en los alumnos por este tema. Múltiples estudios consideran que si un alumno está expuesto a las Tics, la probabilidad de aprendizaje significativo se multiplica de forma considerable. Por ello y a través de una plataforma web, los alumnos van a poder aumentar sus conocimientos sobre qué es el medio ambiente o cómo podemos empezar a cuidarlo desde nuestras propias casas o en la escuela. La finalidad de la propuesta de intervención es motivar el descubrimiento y la autonomía dentro del aula, pero también fuera de la misma. El medio ambiente forma parte de nuestro entorno y de nuestras vidas, debemos conocerlo, comprenderlo y valorarlo.Grado en Educación Primari

Recommendations for the use of biomarkers for head and neck cancer, including salivary gland tumours: a consensus of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology and the Spanish Society of Pathology

Epstein Barr virus; Prognosis; Response to treatmentVirus de Epstein Barr; Pronóstico; Respuesta al tratamientoVirus d'Epstein Barr; Pronòstic; Resposta al tractamentThe treatment of head and neck and salivary gland tumours is complicated and evolves constantly. Prognostic and predictive indicators of response to treatment are enormously valuable for designing individualized therapies, which justifies their research and validation. Some biomarkers, such as p16, Epstein–Barr virus, PD-L1, androgen receptors and HER-2, are already used routinely in clinical practice. These biomarkers, along with other markers that are currently under development, and the massively parallel sequencing of genes, ensure future advances in the treatment of these neoplasms. In this consensus, a group of experts in the diagnosis and treatment of tumours of the head and neck and salivary glands were selected by the Spanish Society of Pathology (Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica—SEAP) and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica—SEOM) to evaluate the currently available information and propose a series of recommendations to optimize the determination and daily clinical use of biomarkers.SEOM and SEAP acknowledge the financial support for this project in the form of unrestricted collaboration in the logistics from AstraZeneca

Fabrication effects in the optical performance of DOEs engraved with femtosecond lasers

The development of DOEs fabrication techniques is continuously growing due to the wide range of industrial applications, such as beam manipulation or optical position encoders. In this work, we use Femtosecond laser direct writing to manufacture DOEs, which uses a simpler and more efficient way to fabricate amplitude binary masks. Also, we have analyzed the performance of the DOEs. The fabrication technique is validated since the experimental results are in accordance to numerical simulations

Cancer immunotherapy in special challenging populations: recommendations of the Advisory Committee of Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM)

Cancer immunotherapy based on the use of antibodies targeting the so-called checkpoint inhibitors, such as programmed cell death-1 receptor, its ligand, or CTLA-4, has shown durable clinical benefit and survival improvement in melanoma and other tumors. However, there are some special situations that could be a challenge for clinical management. Persons with chronic infections, such as HIV-1 or viral hepatitis, latent tuberculosis, or a history of solid organ transplantation, could be candidates for cancer immunotherapy, but their management requires a multidisciplinary approach. The Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM) panel in collaboration with experts in virology and immunology from different centers in Spain reviewed the literature and developed evidence-based guidelines for cancer immunotherapy management in patients with chronic infections and immunosuppression. These are the first clinical guidelines for cancer immunotherapy treatment in special challenging populations. Cancer immunotherapy in chronically infected or immunosuppressed patients is feasible but needs a multidisciplinary approach in order to decrease the risk of complications related to the coexistent comorbidities

Gold-coated split laser-induced periodic surface structures as refractometric sensors

The generation of surface plasmon resonances (SPR) in laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) allows their application in the field of optical sensing, such as the detection of refractive index variations in gases and liquids. We have fabricated gold-coated LIPSS nanostructures on stainless steel substrates by using femtosecond laser nano-ablation. This technique is a low-cost and high-throughput fabrication method applicable to fast and large-scale manufacturing. The depth profile of the fabricated LIPSS shows a central dip at the top of each ripple that split the geometry. The actual topography is modeled and included in a computational electromagnetism package to obtain the expected optical response under the experimental conditions. The measured and simulated spectral reflectances are compared, and the differences are explained by the departure of the fabricated LIPSS from the ideal topography. The experiments and simulations showed excellent agreement for the main spectral characteristics, like the Fano-like lineshapes of the spectral reflectance. This fitting provides the values used to determine the refractometric performance of the fabricated device, that shows a sensitivity of 518 nm/RIU and a figure of merit of 32 RIU−1 for an aqueous analyte. Our experimental results show that the fabricated devices are competitive in terms of cost and simplicity when compared to existing devices with similar performance

Frequency and Characteristics of familial melanoma in Spain: the FAM-GEM-1 Study.

Familial history of melanoma is a well-known risk factor for the disease, and 7% melanoma patients were reported to have a family history of melanoma. Data relating to the frequency and clinical and pathological characteristics of both familial and non-familial melanoma in Spain have been published, but these only include patients from specific areas of Spain and do not represent the data for the whole of Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational study conducted by the Spanish Group of Melanoma (GEM) analyzed the family history of patients diagnosed with melanoma between 2011 and 2013 in the dermatology and oncology departments. RESULTS: In all, 1047 patients were analyzed, and 69 (6.6%) fulfilled criteria for classical familial melanoma (two or more first-degree relatives diagnosed with melanoma). Taking into account other risk factors for familial melanoma, such as multiple melanoma, pancreatic cancer in the family or second-degree relatives with melanoma, the number of patients fulfilling the criteria increased to 165 (15.8%). Using a univariate analysis, we determined that a Breslow index of less than 1 mm, negative mitosis, multiple melanoma, and a history of sunburns in childhood were more frequent in familial melanoma patients, but a multivariate analysis revealed no differences in any pathological or clinical factor between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to that observed in other countries, familial melanoma accounts for 6.6% of melanoma diagnoses in Spain. Although no differences in the multivariate analysis were found, some better prognosis factors, such as Breslow index, seem more frequent in familial melanoma, which reflect a better early detection marker and/or a different biological behavior

Tumores indiferenciados de senos paranasales. Experiencia del Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal a propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura

Resumen: Introducción: Los tumores indiferenciados de senos paranasales son una rara entidad con una baja incidencia de presentación. A día de hoy no existe un tratamiento estándar aprobado para estos pacientes. Pacientes y métodos: Se presenta el caso de una paciente diagnosticada de un carcinoma indiferenciado nasosinusal en la que se plantea un abordaje multidisciplinar. Además, se revisaron los 5 casos diagnosticados durante los últimos 15 años en el Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Resultados: El abordaje quirúrgico de entrada seguido de RT adyuvante y QT es el que, en nuestra serie, ha conseguido mayores medianas de supervivencia. El rango de supervivencia varía ente 1-120 meses con una media de supervivencia global en torno a 47 meses en la serie. Conclusiones: Dado la rareza y agresividad del carcinoma indiferenciado nasosinusal, se hace necesario el manejo individualizado. Tanto en nuestra serie como en otras publicadas, el manejo radical con cirugía y quimio/radioterapia obtiene los mejores resultados en supervivencia global. Es necesario conocer la biología molecular de estos tumores, así como el desarrollo de ensayos prospectivos para mejorar el manejo de dichos pacientes. Abstract: Introduction: Undifferentiated paranasal sinus tumors are a rare entity with a low incidence of presentation. There is currently no approved standard treatment for patients with this ailment. Patients and methods: We present the case of a patient diagnosed with an undifferentiated sinonasal carcinoma treated through a multidisciplinary approach. In addition, the five cases diagnosed within the last 15 years in the Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal were reviewed. Results: An initial surgical approach followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (QT) achieved the greatest survival medians in our case series. The rate of survival ranged between 1 and 120 months, with a mean overall survival of about 47 months in the series. Conclusions: Given the rarity and aggressiveness of undifferentiated sinonasal carcinoma, an individualized management of patients is necessary. In our series, as well as in other published series, radical management with surgery and chemo/radiotherapy yields the best results in terms of overall survival. The molecular biology of these tumors must be known and prospective trials must be developed to improve the management of these patients. Palabras clave: Senos paranasales, Histología indiferenciada, Abordaje multimodal, Quimio/radioterapia, Keywords: Paranasal sinus tumors, Undifferentiated histology, Multimodal approach, Chemo/radiotherap